Targeted screening for prostate cancer in African-American men

Prostate cancer 2000

“…7 This population difference leads to a relative risk of 2 ± 3, which is quite striking. It raises the question as to what criteria might be used for screening African-American populations that are different from screening in the other population groups.…”

Cancer Screening 2016

“…86 As a result of the controversy regarding PSA testing, there have been several attempts to refine the use of PSA through the application of age-and race-specific ranges, PSA velocity, percent free PSA, complexed form PSA, and PSA density. [87][88][89][90][91][92][93] However, none of these measures have gained widespread utility, nor have any been validated in randomized controlled trials as impacting prostate cancer mortality.…”

Understanding Prostate Cancer Screenings among African American Men: Combining the Behavioral Science and Anthropological Perspectives

“…Given that prior studies (Farmer and Ferraro 2005;Mayberry et al 2002;Moul 2000) demonstrated that socioeconomic status influences people's health status, the following will explore the main effects of economic status on prostate cancer screenings among African American men. Additionally, Chapple and Ziebland (2002) suggested that men's sense of masculinity may have its impact on prostate cancer screenings, but relatively little attention has been given to explore the relationship between masculinity and prostate cancer screenings.…”

“…Traditionally, African Americans are less educated (Newburger and Curry 2000) and more likely to experience poverty (McKinnon 2003) than whites. So, the socioeconomic status results in health disparities (Farmer and Ferraro 2005;Mayberry et al 2002;Moul 2000) affecting health behavior among African Americans. The Gallup Organization Healthcare Group (1995) found that African American men with lower education were more likely to postpone or avoid testing and screenings because of lack of insurance or health care plans; therefore, socioeconomic status recently is regarded as a crucial factor influencing the early detection of prostate cancer among African American men.…”