This study evaluates the ability of a safer sex televised public service announcement (PSA) campaign to increase safer sexual behavior among at-risk young adults. Independent, monthly random samples of 100 individuals were surveyed in each city for 21 months as part of an interrupted-time-series design with a control community. The 3-month high-audience-saturation campaign took place in Lexington, KY, with Knoxville, TN, as a comparison city. Messages were especially designed and selected for the target audience (those above the median on a composite sensation-seeking/impulsive-decision-making scale). Data indicate high campaign exposure among the target audience, with 85%-96% reporting viewing one or more PSAs. Analyses indicate significant 5-month increases in condom use, condom-use self-efficacy, and behavioral intentions among the target group in the campaign city with no changes in the comparison city. The results suggest that a carefully targeted, intensive mass media campaign using televised PSAs can change safer sexual behaviors. Keywords mass media campaign; public service announcement; safer sex HIV prevention intervention research over the past 15 years has begun to show impressive results. A number of studies have shown delay of onset of sexual initiation (e.g., Coyle, Kirby, Marin, Gómez, & Gregorish, 2004), whereas other programs have led to significant increases in condom use in populations including heterosexually active individuals (see Johnson, Carey, Marsh, Levin, & Scott-Sheldon, 2003;Neumann et al., 2002, for reviews). However, most of these interventions have been implemented in small-group (e.g., Belza et al., 2001), school (e.g., Blake et al., 2003;Gallant & Maticka-Tyndale, 2004), or individuallevel clinical settings (e.g., Morrison-Beedy & Lewis, 2001). Mass media campaigns, such as televised public service announcement (PSA) campaigns, have recently been shown to be highly effective in changing a variety of behaviors (Hornik, 2002;Noar, 2006) 2001). For a number of reasons, however, the full potential of these types of media campaigns in the HIV prevention area has not yet been realized (Dejong, Wolf, & Austin, 2001;Myhre & Flora, 2000). In fact, campaigns focused on safer sexual behavior to date have tended to yield modest campaign effects (Snyder & Hamilton, 2002). Thus, we raise the following question: Can a televised PSA campaign based on formative research and sophisticated targeting principles change safer sexual beliefs and behaviors in at-risk young adults? The current study is a rigorous evaluation of a two-city, televised safer sex mass media campaign targeted toward increasing safer sex in young adults who are high sensation seekers and impulsive decision makers. HHS Public Access MASS MEDIA CAMPAIGNSAs noted by Randolph and Viswanath (2004), "Mass media campaigns to promote healthy behaviors and discourage unhealthy behaviors have become a major tool of public health practitioners in their efforts to improve the health of the public" (p. 419). Although the early h...
This study examines third-person effect of news of tainted food product recalls on oneself relative to others. The survey (N = 1,213) found that respondents tended to think the influence of the news on others was greater than on themselves (the study used reactions to a milk powder scandal in China). Message credibility and attention to and elaboration of the recall news were found to reduce the third-person perceptual gap. Furthermore, the perceived effect of news on oneself, not on others, was positively associated with the behavioral intention of information-seeking and taking protective action.
Fine particulate matters (PM 2.5 ) has been identified as one of the major air pollutants in urban areas, which are responsible for the adverse effects on public health and the deterioration of visibility. New PM 2.5 air quality standards were promulgated in Taiwan on 14 th May 2012, as well as the standard sampling and analytical method for atmospheric PM 2.5 (NIEA A205.11C) on 24 th April 2012. In this study, the atmospheric levels and characteristics of PM 2.5 in Tainan during 2013 were evaluated by measuring the mass concentration of PM 2.5 and analyzing the water-soluble ionic, carbon, and metal components. Additionally, a Chemical Mass Balance (CMB) receptor model was used to identify possible sources of PM 2.5 and their contributions. Based on results of this study, the current PM 2.5 levels in Tainan in spring and winter (41-49 µg m -3 ) were substantially higher than the yearly average PM 2.5 air quality standards (15 µg m -3 ). According to chemical composition analysis, secondary aerosols (NH 4 + , NO 3 -, and SO 4 2-) contributed approximately 50% and 60% of PM 2.5 mass in spring and winter respectively; but were responsible about 40% by mass in summer at both Tainan and Xinying stations. From the results of CMB model, the main contribution sources to the PM 2.5 in Tainan are traffic emissions (31.5%), ammonium sulfate (25.5%), ammonium nitrate (12.5%), and crustal elements (11%). Consequently, to improve PM 2.5 of Tainan City, the priority control pollutants (or sources) are primary PM 2.5 (open burning, construction sites and road dust by vehicles), NO x (diesel vehicle emissions), and SO x (fuels).
The current study is an analysis of public service announcements (PSAs) from an effective safer sex campaign that utilized a sensation-seeking targeting (SENTAR) approach. Two random samples of heterosexually active young adults (sample one N = 1,463, sample two N = 895) viewed different sets of safer sex PSAs on a laptop computer and answered questions about their perceived sensation value and perceived effectiveness. Multiple regression analyses examined the impact of (a) demographic, (b) individual difference, (c) sexual context, and (d) message variables including perceived message sensation value (PMSV) on the perceived message effectiveness (PME) of the PSAs. Results indicated that females, African Americans, condom users, and those with less education viewed the PSAs as slightly more effective than males, Caucasians, non-condom users, and those with more education. PMSV and personal utility emerged as the strongest predictors of PME, even after controlling for all of the aforementioned variables. Implications for further research on PMSV and perceived and actual effectiveness of PSAs are offered.
This study aimed to elaborate the relationships between sensation-seeking, Internet dependency, and online interpersonal deception. Of the 707 individuals recruited to this study, 675 successfully completed the survey. The results showed high sensation-seekers and high Internet dependents were more likely to engage in online interpersonal deception than were their counterparts.
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