Poverty alleviation remains one of the most pressing problems, and China has made considerable advancements toward poverty alleviation in recent years. Considering village as a random effect, this paper proposes a linear quantile mixed model to analyze the effects of household type, village type, and their interactions on household income, suggesting a test of who benefits more or less from anti‐poverty policies. Results indicate that there has been a somewhat unbalanced development between poverty‐stricken households who are scheduled to be out of poverty earlier and poverty‐stricken households who are scheduled to be out of poverty later. The imbalance is slightly different across village types. Results also show that anti‐poverty policies have been equally implemented among village types, but there is some unbalanced development of poverty‐stricken and non‐poverty‐stricken households at lower income distribution quantiles depending on village type. Previously unidentified, marginally non‐poor households are found to benefit disproportionately less from policy measures irrespective of village type.