This paper explored the relationships between the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UNSDG) and social sustainability in supply chain management (SCM).Sustainable development is a philosophy that seeks to achieve human development goals while protecting the ability of natural systems to provide natural resources and ecosystems for all economies and societies. The desired state of society is where living conditions and resources meet human needs while preserving the integrity and stability of the natural systems. Most of the work on sustainability in SCM is on economic and environmental sustainability. Only eight papers were found that reflected social sustainability. Nevertheless, social sustainability significantly impacts supply chain management, such as employee engagement, which leads to a decrease in waste, and a shorter lead time from manufacturing locations to markets. The study is based on an analysis of bibliometric data published in the Scopus database between 1991 and 2020. This study will help researchers get new perspectives on sustainable supply chains. Societal well-being is the goal of the UN SDGs. Organizations and countries can address them by recognizing the connections between UNSDGs and SCM. This is the first study to explore the literature available on UNSDG and its relationship with supply chain management.
The two broad carbon-reducing policies, carbon tax and cap-and-trade, have been implemented at various national and sub-national levels. This paper examines the relationships between emissions-reducing policies and their effect on the country’s economic growth (GDP) using carbon tax and CO2 emission as explanatory variables and population and R&D as control variables. The study employs Granger causality analysis (GCA) and panel data regression analysis to find the relationships between GDP, emissions, and carbon tax. GDP usually increases as a country’s carbon emissions, carbon tax, R&D, and population increase. The analysis of carbon reduction policies, especially carbon tax and their general impact on a country’s economy, is a unique contribution of this study. The applications of this study are to motivate governments to form a national carbon abatement policy and encourage corporate leaders to invest in clean technology to grow the economy.
Implementation of Basel III guidelines necessitates, besides other measures, maintenance of additional capital buffers. The recommended capital adequacy ratio has been enhanced in phases to steer the banks gradually towards the ideal capital requirement. This study empirically examines the impact of regulations on the changes in capital and risk. An unbalanced panel data of Indian commercial banks, comprising 27 public and 31 private sector banks, is examined from 2002 to 2021. The capital adequacy ratio (CAR) maintained by the bank, against the minimum regulatory requirement, is used for the assessment of the target capital. The study employs a simultaneous equation model along with the Three Stage Least Square (3SLS) regression method. Two separate models based on risk weightage are employed to understand the relationship between capital and risk through the risk weight assignment. The findings suggest that the regulations have more impact on undercapitalized banks and the private sector banks have fared better than the public sector banks in sustaining higher CAR.
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