Target organs for lymphocystis disease virus replication in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata)

Valverde, Estefanía J.; Borrego, Juan J.; Sarasquete, M. C.; Ortiz-Delgado, Juan B.; Castro, Dolores

doi:10.1186/s13567-017-0428-3

Cited by 22 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Moreover, the high correlation (>90%) between LCDV DNA copies and the four SI categories confirmed this index is a good indicator of viral replication. It should be noted that although the liver is not the target organ for LCDV viral replication, this virus is able to replicate on it before spreading in integumentary system [3,14,24]. The selection of this organ appears also as a key point to precisely quantify DNA copies to prevent cross-contaminations between skin lesions in highly infected fish populations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the skin is the organ with the highest number of viral DNA copies, LCDV also replicates in the liver [3,24]. This organ was selected as the target organ to quantify the viral DNA copies in each specimen, since it provides enough biomass for the nucleic acid isolation minimizing the risk of cross-contamination between individuals.…”

Section: Quantification Of Viral Dnamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Heritability Estimates and Genetic Correlation for Growth Traits and LCDV Susceptibility in Gilthead Sea Bream (Sparus aurata)

Carballo

Shin

Berbel

et al. 2019

Fishes

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The lymphocystis disease (LCD) is a viral infection with a high economic impact in gilthead sea bream aquaculture. In this study, genetic estimates associated with lymphocystis disease virus (LCDV) disease susceptibility and growth were determined in sea bream juveniles. Two fish batches (named batch 1 and batch 2) were built from mass spawning and reared under industrial conditions until disease outbreak. At the moment of the sampling (n = 500 specimens for each batch), all animals had the typical LCDV lesions in the skin. For phenotyping, animals were weighted and photographed for image analysis (surface covered and lesion intensity). LCDV DNA copies were quantified in the liver by qPCR. Batch 1 had a higher surface covered and lesion intensity than batch 2, and the body caudal region was the lowest affected region in both batches. The average LCDV DNA copies in liver were higher in the batch 1 than batch 2, and they were positively correlated with severity index (SI) categories (r2 = 0.90–0.94). The total number of families evaluated were 150 and 128 for batch 1 and batch 2, respectively, with a high bias in offspring contribution by family and broodstock. Heritabilities for weight and length were 0.18 and 0.14 in batch 1 and 0.06 and 0.05 in batch 2, respectively. Heritability for the number of viral DNA copies was low (<0.08) in both batches. Heritabilities for SI in binary scale were 0.32/0.33 and 0.21/0.24 (underlying liability/Bayesian approach) for batch 1 and batch 2, respectively. Genetic correlations were very high and positive when growth traits (weight and length) or disease traits (LCDV DNA copies and SI) were compared. In contrast, the genetic correlations between growth and disease traits were moderate–high and positive in the batch 1 but negative in batch 2. These results indicate the genetic selection for LCDV susceptibility and growth is feasible in sea bream juveniles, although estimates are highly dependent on the age. The information provided is relevant to designing selective breeding programs in sea bream.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Quantification Of Viral Dnamentioning

confidence: 99%

Heritability Estimates and Genetic Correlation for Growth Traits and LCDV Susceptibility in Gilthead Sea Bream (Sparus aurata)

Carballo

Shin

Berbel

et al. 2019

Fishes

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“…Classically, Iridoviridae are known to infect fish, amphibians, and insects. The four Iridoviridae carrying VILPs had all been originally isolated from fish, where they were known to cause systemic infections with a broad range of tissue tropism, including liver, pancreas, brain, kidney, and skin, and in the last cause tumor-like growths (29). As noted above, however, the sequences of VILPs are related to human insulin/IGF1 as closely or more closely than they are to fish or other species (Fig.…”

Section: Members Of the Iridoviridae Family Carry Genes Potentially Ementioning

confidence: 95%

Viral insulin-like peptides activate human insulin and IGF-1 receptor signaling: A paradigm shift for host–microbe interactions

Altındiş

Cai

Sakaguchi

et al. 2018

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Viruses are the most abundant biological entities and carry a wide variety of genetic material, including the ability to encode host-like proteins. Here we show that viruses carry sequences with significant homology to several human peptide hormones including insulin, insulin-like growth factors (IGF)-1 and -2, FGF-19 and -21, endothelin-1, inhibin, adiponectin, and resistin. Among the strongest homologies were those for four viral insulin/IGF-1-like peptides (VILPs), each encoded by a different member of the family VILPs show up to 50% homology to human insulin/IGF-1, contain all critical cysteine residues, and are predicted to form similar 3D structures. Chemically synthesized VILPs can bind to human and murine IGF-1/insulin receptors and stimulate receptor autophosphorylation and downstream signaling. VILPs can also increase glucose uptake in adipocytes and stimulate the proliferation of fibroblasts, and injection of VILPs into mice significantly lowers blood glucose. Transfection of mouse hepatocytes with DNA encoding a VILP also stimulates insulin/IGF-1 signaling and DNA synthesis. Human microbiome studies reveal the presence of these in blood and fecal samples. Thus, VILPs are members of the insulin/IGF superfamily with the ability to be active on human and rodent cells, raising the possibility for a potential role of VILPs in human disease. Furthermore, since only 2% of viruses have been sequenced, this study raises the potential for discovery of other viral hormones which, along with known virally encoded growth factors, may modify human health and disease.

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“…However, skin or fin biopsies in histopathology test provided a definitive diagnosis of the type of lymphocystis tumor cells which can be easily differentiated by gross pathology. Valverde et al (2017) found that the lymphocystis cells was clusters of typical hypertrophied fibroblasts (lymphocysts). They also found dark inclusions within the cytoplasm and enclosed by a hyaline capsule, and were observed in the dermis of fin and skin where they were surrounded by an abundance of infammatory epithelioid that the inclusion body and hyaline capsules were predominant (Valverde et al 2017).…”

Section: Histological Observationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Valverde et al (2017) found that the lymphocystis cells was clusters of typical hypertrophied fibroblasts (lymphocysts). They also found dark inclusions within the cytoplasm and enclosed by a hyaline capsule, and were observed in the dermis of fin and skin where they were surrounded by an abundance of infammatory epithelioid that the inclusion body and hyaline capsules were predominant (Valverde et al 2017). Pirarat et al (2011) explained that the LCDV was detectable not only in the skeletal muscle and gills lamellae but also in visceral organs such as spleen.…”

Section: Histological Observationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A CASE STUDY OF LYMPHOCYSTIS VIRUS DISEASE IN FARMED GIANT SNAKEHEAD (Channa striata) IN MANDIANGIN, SOUTH KALIMANTAN

Sihananto¹,

Novita²,

Wianty³

et al. 2019

Indonesian Aquaculture Journal

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Lymphocystis virus has been implicated as the cause of severe infection, mortality, and economic loss in farmed giant snakehead (Channa striata) or gabus fish in Mandiangin South Kalimantan. In Kalimantan, the fish is locally known as Haruan fish and considered to have health-related benefits to human due to its high albumin content. This study aimed to determine the LCDV in gabus fish through histopathological and PCR investigation. Infected LCDV fish have a cluster of warts growths in the skin or fin of a walleye. Infected fishes with an average of total length of 15 cm and weight of 150 g were collected from local net cages and earthen ponds. They were transferred into a laboratory, anesthetized, and then subsequently killed by organ dissection. The infected fish tumors were aseptically cut out for histological study and PCR detection. Primer used was forward GII F: 5 ‘TGG GAT TCC AAY GGT CAA TTA-3’ with target band of 468 bp (for genotype-IIi LCDV) and primer reverse R: 5’TTA GAT TAT TGG GCA GCG TT-3' with target band of 250 bp (for genotype-II LCDV) and GIII F: 5' AGG AAA TAA CCG CAG TA GAA TGCA. Lymphocytosis in infected fish showed multifocal to diffuse white, round, firm, papilloma or tumor-like nodules on the skin of the body, fins, eyes, and mouth. The hypertrophied cell was surrounded by a thick smooth hyaline capsule. Stress condition caused by high population density, nutrition deficiencies, decreased dissolved oxygen, suboptimal water quality, and handling may increase the appearance of LCDV symptoms. The result of the present study revealed that histopathology and PCR could be used to diagnose LCDV infection.

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Target organs for lymphocystis disease virus replication in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata)

Cited by 22 publications

References 34 publications

Heritability Estimates and Genetic Correlation for Growth Traits and LCDV Susceptibility in Gilthead Sea Bream (Sparus aurata)

Heritability Estimates and Genetic Correlation for Growth Traits and LCDV Susceptibility in Gilthead Sea Bream (Sparus aurata)

Viral insulin-like peptides activate human insulin and IGF-1 receptor signaling: A paradigm shift for host–microbe interactions

A CASE STUDY OF LYMPHOCYSTIS VIRUS DISEASE IN FARMED GIANT SNAKEHEAD (Channa striata) IN MANDIANGIN, SOUTH KALIMANTAN

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