Target Metabolome Profiling-Based Machine Learning as a Diagnostic Approach for Cardiovascular Diseases in Adults

Abstract

Metabolomics is a promising technology for the application of translational medicine to cardiovascular risk. Here, we applied a liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry approach to explore the associations between plasma concentrations of amino acids, methylarginines, acylcarnitines, and tryptophan catabolism metabolites and cardiometabolic risk factors in patients diagnosed with arterial hypertension (HTA) (n = 61), coronary artery disease (CAD) (n = 48), and non-cardiovascular disease (CVD) individuals (n = 27). In total, almost all significantly different acylcarnitines, amino acids, methylarginines, and intermediates of the kynurenic and indolic tryptophan conversion pathways presented increased (p < 0.05) in concentration levels during the progression of CVD, indicating an association of inflammation, mitochondrial imbalance, and oxidative stress with early stages of CVD. Additionally, the random forest algorithm was found to have the highest prediction power in multiclass and binary classification patients with CAD, HTA, and non-CVD individuals and globally between CVD and non-CVD individuals (accuracy equal to 0.80 and 0.91, respectively). Thus, the present study provided a complex approach for the risk stratification of patients with CAD, patients with HTA, and non-CVD individuals using targeted metabolomics profiling.

Postmortem metabolomics as a high-throughput cause-of-death screening tool for human death investigations

“… 34 Previous metabolomics research has identified elevated levels of acylcarnitines, encompassing short-, medium-, and long-chain variants, in patients with cardiovascular disease. 35 , 36 , 37 Notably, medium- and long-chain acylcarnitines have been proposed as predictors for cardiovascular mortality. 36 Interestingly, a recent metabolomics study compared acute and chronic coronary artery disease, and medium- and long-chain acylcarnitines were significantly increased in the chronic group, with C18:2 being specifically correlated with coronary artery disease complexity.…”

Targeted metabolomic profiling for acute myocardial infarction pathogenesis

“…Targeted metabolomic pro ling of the samples was performed in accordance to presented method [3] and included quantitative analysis of 87 endogenous metabolites in patient's plasma (listed in the supplementary material, Table S1). Brie y, sample preparation of amino acids, intermediates of Arginine and Methionine metabolism consisted of protein precipitation with following instrumental analysis on Waters TQ-S-micro triple quadruple mass spectrometer (Waters Corp, Milford, CT, USA).…”

“…Clinical biomarkers used for AMI diagnostic, such as troponin and creatine kinase, require detection several hours after the onset of the disease and required only the zone of necrosis [2]. Therefore, there is a need to develop biomarkers that can offer timely, non-invasive, and reliable prediction of the AMI occurrence, thus improving clinical diagnosis and prognosis of AMI, using metabolomics investigation studies [3].…”

Advances in Mass Spectrometry-Based Blood Metabolomics Profiling for Non-Cancer Diseases: A Comprehensive Review

“…The influence of amino acids is evident in a wide range of diseases, including cardiovascular diseases (acute ischemic stroke [ 134 ], systolic heart failure [ 135 ], coronary artery ectasia [ 93 ], among several others [ 136 ]); metabolic diseases (involving supplementation of ketogenic diet [ 137 , 138 ] and diabetes mellitus); neurodegenerative disorders [ 139 , 140 , 141 ]; psoriasis [ 142 ]; and autoimmune diseases (SLE, RA). Here, we briefly examine all the listed categories and their involvement in amino acid metabolism.…”