Target Classification and Remote Sensing of Ocean Current Shear Using a Dual-Use Multifrequency HF Radar

Estimation of Sea Surface Current from X-Band Marine Radar Images by Cross-Spectrum Analysis

“…The current meter was moored 1 km from the radar station at an azimuth of about 70 • (Figure 2). It was moored about 1 m below the water surface by a long anchor chain, so the measured current was affected by sea surface wind drift [21,22]. The current meter worked 20 minutes every hour, with a sampling rate of 2 Hz, so the current velocities were averaged hourly to reduce the influence of turbulence and noise.…”

Fully digital multi‐frequency compact high‐frequency radar system for sea surface remote sensing

“…(iii) The measurable range of sea wave height depends on the radar frequency [6], and a MF system enables a larger wave height measurement range [7]. (iv) MF HFSWR can be used to detect targets underlying sea echo through investigating the relationship between Doppler shift and radar frequency [8–10], and it is also applicable for targets classification [11]. In addition, MF technology is helpful for improving the robustness and coverage of tsunami detection [12].…”

Multi‐frequency high frequency surface wave radar based on phase offset

“…MHFSWR has the advantage to avoid targets becoming obscured by the Bragg peaks by selecting the radar operating frequencies. In addition, the merits of MHFSWR include mitigation against the effects of co‐channel interference and target radar cross‐section fade and so on [12–16].…”