Tardive Dystonia: Which Way Do Schizophrenics Twist?

Corbin, David E.; Williams, A.; White, Anne-Marie

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(87)90081-x

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The report that most cases of idiopathic spasmodic torticollis show rotation of the head to the left 360 has been taken to indicate that abnormal asymmetries in DA systems may be involved; 361 no experimental evidence relevant to this suggestion has yet been obtained.…”

Section: Brain Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Dystonias

McGeer

1988

Can. j. neurol. sci.

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Dystonia is a difficult problem for both the clinician and the scientist. It is sufficiently common to be seen by almost all physicians, yet uncommon enough to prevent any physician from gaining broad experience in its diagnosis and treatment. Each case represents a difficult challenge even to the specialist. The basic scientist is faced with investigating a disorder that is without relevant animal models and which is so rare that obtaining suitable tissue for study is a major obstacle. Dystonia may be idiopathic, or associated with lesions from many sources, including a variety of rare diseases. If idiopathic, it may be genetically transmitted or sporadic. If genetically transmitted, it may be generalized or focal, with symptoms varying in different members of the same family. It may be refractory to treatment, or it may respond to any one of a number of individual drugs that have very different mechanisms of action. For idiopathic dystonias, no clear method of genetic transmission has been established and no consistent pathology identified.

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Section: Brain Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Dystonias

McGeer

1988

Can. j. neurol. sci.

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“…When however attempting to walk in a straight line all four groups of subjects deviated to the right, especially females and dextrals. Moreover two studies with schizophrenics (Corbin, Williams, &White, 1987, andReynolds, Czudek, Bzowej, &Seeman, 1987) showed strong clockwise turning tendencies, which both groups of authors believe to be related to increased DA asymmetries, in schizophrenics, in the amygdala or putamen. Further it must not be forgotten that in humans, psychoactive drugs affect emotional and cognitive functioning, which itself is lateralized; so do psychoactive drugs therefore affect lateralized behaviour?…”

Section: Studies With Rodentsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Lateral Asymmetries in Human Evolution

Bradshaw¹,

Nettleton²

1989

International Journal of Comparative Psychology

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Lateral asymmetries are not confined to humans. Palaeozoic trilobites and calcichordates are now known to have been asymmetrical; song control in passerines is vested in the left cerebral hemisphere; learning which is lateralized to the left forebrain of chicks includes imprinting, visual discrimination learning and auditory habituation, while responses to novelty, attack and copulation are activated by the right; in rats the right hemisphere is involved in emotional behavior and spatial discriminations, and there are numerous other behavioral, anatomical and pharmacological asymmetries; the left hemisphere of the female mouse is superior at processing its pups' calls, and there are reports of behavioral asymmetries in impala, cats and dogs. Anatomical asymmetries in the primate brain, from monkeys upwards, are matched by increasing evidence of behavioral asymmetries in visual pattern discrimination, discrimination of species-specific calls, and handedness. We discuss the interaction of preexisting behavioral and brain asymmetries with the evolution in hominids of an upright bipedal posture and tool use, and the origins of language, and conclude that there may be a continuity with earlier species of our two most obvious asymmetries, language lateralization and hand preferences. There may be an ancient left-brain specialization for sensory and motor discrimination learning, which is complemented by a relegation to the right of primitive spatial and emotional functions.Most of US are right handed (dextral) and left-hemisphere (LH) dominant for language (Bradshaw & Nettleton, 1983). The two sides of the face rarely are left-right symmetrical, as can be seen if we create photographic composites of the two left (LJ) or right (RH) halves. Moreover the left side of the face may express emotions more strongly than the right, due probably to its more direct access to the right hemisphere (RH), known to be involved in the mediation of emotions (Borod & Koff, 1984). Conversely the right side of the mouth may produce earlier, and larger, articulatory movements during speech than the left (Wolf & Goodale, 1987) again due to its more direct access to the LH. If male, the left testicle usually depends lower, as Greek sculptors knew 2,500 years ago (McManus, 1976). However we now know that many nonhuman species are also laterally asymmetrical, due ultimately perhaps to the chirality

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