Tar level of cigarettes smoked and risk of smoking-related diseases

P, Lee

doi:10.1080/08958378.2018.1443174

Cited by 19 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 52 publications

(36 reference statements)

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“…Thus, when both active and passive smokers are exposed to high doses, it is possible that tobacco-related diseases increase in proportion to the dose. For this reason, there are various studies about reducing the exposure dose and reducing the related diseases and smoking [27][28][29]. We believe that changes in intervention groups are related to the decrease of the FTND score (dose-response).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of long-term awareness on active and passive tobacco smokers

Köksoy¹,

Kara²

2021

World J. Adv. Res. Rev.

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Tobacco addiction is a major public health problem. Numerous scientific studies have been conducted on the harms of tobacco products. However, the number of intervention studies investigating the effect of long-term awareness of the harm of tobacco products on the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND), Carbon Monoxide (CO), Carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) and Respiratory Function Test (RFT) are limited. Our goal is to investigate the impact of long-term scientific awareness on these parameters. The study was designed an intervention study on active and passive smoking participants and their control groups. Control groups were not given any training on the harms of tobacco products. When comparing the first and last weeks in active smoker intervention group (ASIG), the difference between FTND, FEV1, CO, and COHb parameters was observed to be statistically significant (p<0.05). The highest decrease in ASIG was in CO (↓60%) parameter and the highest increase was in the FEV1(↑%10) parameter. There was a significant difference both FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC (p<0.05) and CO parameters of passive smokers intervention group (PSIG). The highest decrease in PSIG was in the CO parameter (↓%65.8) and the highest increase was in the FVC (↑%10) parameter. Awareness programs may reduce the severity of addiction in active smokers and may help protect passive smokers. As awareness increases, positive changes in some vital parameters may be possible. Up-to-date programs and policies are needed to make easy and sustainable awareness of both active and passive smoking.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of long-term awareness on active and passive tobacco smokers

Köksoy¹,

Kara²

2021

World J. Adv. Res. Rev.

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“…The copyright holder for this preprint this version posted May 14, 2021. ; https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.05.06.21256782 doi: medRxiv preprint that tobacco-related diseases increase in proportion to the dose. For this reason, there are various studies about reducing the exposure dose and reducing the related diseases and smoking (Lee 2018;Saha et al 2018;Leone et al 2017). We believe that changes in intervention groups are related to the decrease of the FTND score (dose-response).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of long-term awareness on active and passive tobacco smokers

Köksoy

Kara

2021

Preprint

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Background and objective: Tobacco addiction is a major public health problem. Numerous scientific studies have been conducted on the harms of tobacco products. However, the number of intervention studies investigating the effect of long-term awareness of the harm of tobacco products on the Fagerstrom nicotine addiction test (FTND), carbon monoxide (CO), carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) and respiratory function test (RFT) are limited. Our goal is to investigate the impact of long-term scientific awareness on these parameters. Participant and Method: The study was designed an intervention study on active and passive smoking participants and their control groups. Intervention groups were given seminar program (up-to-date literature information and images on the harms of tobacco products) for eight weeks. Control groups were not given any training on the harms of tobacco products. Intervention groups were measured 8 times (FNBT, CO, COHb and SFT). Control groups were measured only in the first and last week. Result: When comparing the first and last weeks in active smoker intervention group (ASIG), the difference between FTND, FEV1, CO, and COHb parameters was observed to be statistically significant. The highest decrease in ASIG was in CO (60%) parameter and the highest increase was in the FEV1(%10) parameter. There was a significant difference between FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC, and CO parameters of passive smokers intervention group (PSIG). The highest decrease in PSIG was in the CO parameter (%65.8) and the highest increase was in the FVC (%10) parameter. Conclusion: Awareness programs may reduce the severity of addiction in active smokers and may help protect passive smokers. In the absence of any awareness, it may not positively change. As awareness increases, positive changes in some vital parameters may be possible. Up-to-date programs and policies are needed to make easy and sustainable awareness of both active and passive smoking.

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“…5 Excessive nicotine consumption over a long period can lead to lung cancer, stroke, heart disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and psychological disorders. 8,9 The patient has attempted to quit smoking with an unusual pattern by abruptly ceasing cigarette consumption. According to Casserly et al 10 and Weinberger et al, 11 sudden cessation may result in withdrawal 3 days after stopping consumption.…”

Section: Case Reportmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to Benowitz et al,7 the level of tolerance for consumption of nicotine and tar per day is 10 to 15 mg. High cigarette consumption correlates with high nicotine consumption as well 5. Excessive nicotine consumption over a long period can lead to lung cancer, stroke, heart disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and psychological disorders 8,9…”

Section: Case Reportmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anxiety, Depression, Psychological Symptoms, Negative Effects, and Other Symptoms of Nicotine Withdrawal

Ifdil

Fadli²,

Rangka

et al. 2021

Addictive Disorders &Amp; Their Treatment

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This case occurred in a 33-year-old man who has been smoking for 19 years. He had a pattern of consuming 14 cigarettes per day with 30 mg of nicotine intake and high tar levels. The level of tolerance for consumption of nicotine and tar per day is 10 to 15 mg. High cigarette consumption correlates with high nicotine consumption as well. Excessive nicotine consumption over a long period can lead to lung cancer, stroke, heart disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and psychological disorders.

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Tar level of cigarettes smoked and risk of smoking-related diseases

Abstract: Despite evidence that smokers substantially compensate for reduced cigarette yields, the results clearly show lower risks in lower tar smokers. Limitations of the evidence are discussed, but seem unlikely to affect this conclusion.

Cited by 19 publications

References 52 publications

The Effect of long-term awareness on active and passive tobacco smokers

The Effect of long-term awareness on active and passive tobacco smokers

The effect of long-term awareness on active and passive tobacco smokers

Anxiety, Depression, Psychological Symptoms, Negative Effects, and Other Symptoms of Nicotine Withdrawal

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