“…They originated in the Palaeozoic (Frey, 1987;Sacherová and Hebert, 2003;Kotov, 2013), but the authors of all papers with descriptions of Palaeozoic cladoceran-like fossils (Smirnov, 1970;Anderson et al, 2004;Womack et al, 2012) did not represent really strong evidences of their belonging to the cladocerans (Kotov, 2013). Only a few papers were published on Palaeogene and Miocene cladocerans (Frey, 1964;Yixin, 1995;Peñalver et al, 1996;Greenwalt et al, 2014;Wappler et al, 2014), in contrast to very numerous publications concerning their remains from Neogene, specially Holocene (Frey, 1964;Rautio, 2007;Nevalainen et al, 2011). At least for some Cenozoic Central European Maar lakes like Messel (Lutz, 1991;Richter and Wedmann, 2005) and Randeck (Heizmann and Schweigert, 1988) or the lacustrine sediments from Rott (von Heyden, 1862;Rolfe, 1963) ephippia of Daphnia were reported, but no adequate descriptions of the fossils were made, nor accurate determinations were provided, and no conclusions on their stratigraphic significance were made.…”