“…Caenozoic ephippia are known since the pioneering work of Heydon (1862), but in general, records of Palaeogene and early Neogene cladocerans are relatively rare in the palaeontological literature (Dickinson, Swain, 1967;Goulden, 1968;Xing-rong, Li Ying-pei, 1987;Lea et al, 1991;Lutz, 1991;Wappler et al, 2014;Kotov, Wappler, 2015) as compared with a great number of the Late Holocene records. Some localities are found to be especially remarkable, for example, Richter & Wedman (2005) described the ephippia of presumably "recent" species Moina macrocopa (Straus, 1820), Daphnia pulex De Geer, 1778 and Daphnia magna Straus, 1820) from Eocene Lake Messel, although their identifications seem to be not well-justified.…”