Tannin signatures of barks, needles, leaves, cones, and wood at the molecular level 1 1Associate editor: C. Arnosti

Hernes, Peter J.; Hedges, John I.

doi:10.1016/j.gca.2003.09.015

Cited by 109 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Short-chain (n-C 14 -C 20 ) alcohols (SCOH) and short-chain monounsaturated alcohols (SCMUOH) might have multiple microbial sources (Robinson et al, 1984b), and long-chain (n-C 22 -C 30 ) even carbon-numbered n-alcohols (LCOH) are markers of terrestrial higher plant waxes (Rieley et al, 1991), and long-chain (C 20 -C 24 ) monounsaturated fatty alcohols (LCMUOH), biomarkers typical of zooplankton (Lee et al, 2006). Finally, α-amyrin (Olean-12-en-3α-ol), is a specific triterpenoid for angiosperms and also present in peat (Hernes and Hedges, 2004).…”

Section: Background On Lipid Biomarker Originsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…12) might indicate a different transport of these two terrestrial compounds, presumably arising from their precursors and association with particles. α-amyrin, a specific biomarker for angiosperms (Hernes and Hedges, 2004), is linked to bound fractions and associated with lowdensity, higher plant debris. It might therefore be widely dispersed by the Mackenzie River and be preserved out to the shelf edge and slope.…”

Section: Transport and Fate Of Particulate Mattermentioning

confidence: 99%

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Carbon sources in suspended particles and surface sediments from the Beaufort Sea revealed by molecular lipid biomarkers and compound-specific isotope analysis

et al. 2013

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Molecular lipid biomarkers (hydrocarbons, alcohols, sterols and fatty acids) and compound-specific isotope analysis of suspended particulate organic matter (SPM) and surface sediments of the Mackenzie Shelf and slope (southeast Beaufort Sea, Arctic Ocean) were studied in summer 2009. The concentrations of the molecular lipid markers, characteristic of known organic matter sources, were grouped and used as proxies to evaluate the relative importance of fresh algal, detrital algal, fossil, C₃ terrestrial plants, bacterial and zooplankton material in the organic matter (OM) of this area. Fossil and detrital algal contributions were the major fractions of the freshwater SPM from the Mackenzie River with ~34% each of the total molecular biomarkers. Fresh algal, C₃ terrestrial, bacterial and zooplanktonic components represented much lower percentages, 17, 10, 4 and <1%, respectively. In marine SPM from the Mackenzie slope, the major contributions were fresh and detrital algal components (>80%), with a minor contribution of fossil and C₃ terrestrial biomarkers. Characterization of the sediments revealed a major sink of refractory algal material mixed with some fresh algal material, fossil hydrocarbons and a small input of C₃ terrestrial sources. In particular, the sediments from the shelf and at the mouth of the Amundsen Gulf presented the highest contribution of detrital algal material (60–75%), whereas those from the slope contained the highest proportion of fossil (40%) and C₃ terrestrial plant material (10%). Overall, considering that the detrital algal material is marine derived, autochthonous sources contributed more than allochthonous sources to the OM lipid pool. Using the ratio of an allochthonous biomarker (normalized to total organic carbon, TOC) found in the sediments to those measured at the river mouth water, we estimated that the fraction of terrestrial material preserved in the sediments accounted for 30–40% of the total carbon in the inner shelf sediments, 17% in the outer shelf and Amundsen Gulf and up to 25% in the slope sediments. These estimates are low compared to other studies conducted 5–20 yr earlier, and they support the increase in primary production during the last decade mainly because of the increase in the number of ice-free days and due to the strength and persistence of winds favouring upwelling

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Section: Background On Lipid Biomarker Originsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Transport and Fate Of Particulate Mattermentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon sources in suspended particles and surface sediments from the Beaufort Sea revealed by molecular lipid biomarkers and compound-specific isotope analysis

et al. 2013

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“…Their concentration varies among vegetation types (Hernes and Hedges 2004), organs (Preston 1999), growing stages (Lin et al 2006), and environmental conditions (Northup et al 1998). The concentration of tannins can exceed that of lignins in soft tissues, such as foliage, flowers, and fine roots (Kraus et al 2003).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…DOM freshly leached from wetland plant biomass contains significant amounts of dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) (Benner et al 1990;Davis et al 2003), which is thought to play a significant role in biogeochemical processes in aquatic ecosystems. Since mangroves, especially those involving the Rhizophoraceae family, contain a large amount of tannins (Basak et al 1999;Hernes and Hedges 2004), it is expected that tannins leached from mangrove leaves may sequester proteins in aquatic ecosystems. Previous studies from our laboratory indicate that (1) mangrove (Rhizophora mangle) leachate contains a large amount of polyphenols (Maie et al 2006a); (2) tannin concentrations are quite low in natural waters, even in areas surrounded by mangrove forests (Maie et al 2006a); and (3) leachates from mangrove leaves are photosensitive (Scully et al 2004).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mangrove tannins in aquatic ecosystems: Their fate and possible influence on dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen cycling

Maie

Pisani

Jaffé

2008

Limnology & Oceanography

106

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We describe the fate of mangrove leaf tannins in aquatic ecosystems and their possible influence on dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) cycling. Tannins were extracted and purified from senescent yellow leaves of the red mangrove (Rhizophora mangle) and used for a series of model experiments to investigate their physical and chemical reactivity in natural environments. Physical processes investigated included aggregation, adsorption to organic matter-rich sediments, and co-aggregation with DON in natural waters. Chemical reactions included structural change, which was determined by excitation-emission matrix fluorescence spectra, and the release of proteins from tannin-protein complexes under solar-simulated light exposure. A large portion of tannins can be physically eliminated from aquatic environments by precipitation in saline water and also by binding to sediments. A portion of DON in natural water can coprecipitate with tannins, indicating that mangrove swamps can influence DON cycling in estuarine environments. The chemical reactivity of tannins in natural waters was also very high, with a half-life of less than 1 d. Proteins were released gradually from tannin-protein complexes incubated under light conditions but not under dark conditions, indicating a potentially buffering role of tanninprotein complexes on DON recycling in mangrove estuaries. Although tannins are not detected at a significant level in natural waters, they play an important ecological role by preserving nitrogen and buffering its cycling in estuarine ecosystems through the prevention of rapid DON export/loss from mangrove fringe areas and/or from rapid microbial mineralization.

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“…The utilisation of these extracts for the reduction of anthelminthic-resistant populations of ovine nematodes may constitute a promising strategy in herds with high frequency of anthelminthic multiresistance (Nery et al 2010). Although G. americana is not included as an anthelminthic in folk use, it is a plant rich in tannins (Hernes & Hedges 2004) and therefore, the goal of the present study was to evaluate in vitro the anthelminthic efficacy of G. americana on the inhibition of larval development and eclosion for GIN-infecting sheep.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of aqueous extracts ofGenipa americanaL. (Rubiaceae) in inhibiting larval development and eclosion of gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep

Nogueira

Nery

Morais-Costa

et al. 2014

Journal of Applied Animal Research

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The anthelminthic efficacy in vitro of the aqueous extract of Genipa americana L. leaves was evaluated at final concentrations of 20, 30, 50, 75 and 100 mg (dry matter)/mL through egg hatching inhibition (EHI) tests and quantitative cultures. The observed lethal concentration LC 90 values for hatching and L3 development inhibition were 79.8 and 28.7 mg/mL, respectively. The extract was more effective in larval development inhibition (LDI) than in hatching inhibition. Phytochemical analysis revealed tannins and flavonoids in the extract. The utilisation of G. americana as an anthelminthic may represent a viable alternative to synthetic products, although further studies are needed to verify its in vivo efficacy and to assess its toxicity in sheep.

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Tannin signatures of barks, needles, leaves, cones, and wood at the molecular level 1 1Associate editor: C. Arnosti

Cited by 109 publications

References 27 publications

Carbon sources in suspended particles and surface sediments from the Beaufort Sea revealed by molecular lipid biomarkers and compound-specific isotope analysis

Carbon sources in suspended particles and surface sediments from the Beaufort Sea revealed by molecular lipid biomarkers and compound-specific isotope analysis

Mangrove tannins in aquatic ecosystems: Their fate and possible influence on dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen cycling

Efficacy of aqueous extracts ofGenipa americanaL. (Rubiaceae) in inhibiting larval development and eclosion of gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep

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