Tannin-Based Biofoams-a Review

Pizzi, A.

doi:10.32604/jrm.2019.06511

Cited by 53 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 115 publications

(155 reference statements)

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“…The exploitation of bio-based composites has received increasing attention [1,2], however, the most widely utilized bio-based materials are traditional wood-based materials, for instance, particleboard [3], plywood [4], and fibreboard [5]. In the wood-based material industry, resins such as urea-formaldehyde, phenol-formaldehyde, and isocyanates are widely utilized due to their excellent adhesion properties and economically satisfactory performance [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Further Exploration of Sucrose-Citric Acid Adhesive: Synthesis and Application on Plywood

2019

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The development of eco-friendly adhesives is a major research direction in the wood-based material industry. Previous research has already demonstrated the mixture of sucrose and citric acid could be utilized as an adhesive for the manufacture of particleboard. Herein, based on the chemical characteristics of sucrose, a synthesized sucrose-citric acid (SC) adhesive was prepared, featuring suitable viscosity and high solid content. The investigation of synthesis conditions on the bond performance showed that the optimal mass proportion between sucrose and citric acid was 25/75, the synthesis temperature was 100 °C, and the synthesis time was 2 h. The wet shear strength of the plywood bonded with SC adhesive, which was synthesized at optimal conditions and satisfied the China National Standard GB/T 9846-2015. The synthesis mechanism was studied by both 13C NMR analysis and HPLC, and the chemical composition manifesting caramelization reaction occurred during the synthesis process. The results of ATR FT-IR indicated the formation of a furan ring, carbonyl, and ether groups in the cured insoluble matter of the SC adhesive, which indicated dehydration condensation as the reaction mechanism between sucrose and citric acid.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Further Exploration of Sucrose-Citric Acid Adhesive: Synthesis and Application on Plywood

2019

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“…Therefore, researchers are devoting their efforts to utilize nontoxic feedstock as raw materials for the production of adhesives. Lignin, soybean protein, starch, and more are examples of these raw materials [11][12][13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation and Characterization of Synthesis Conditions on Sucrose-ammonium Dihydrogen Phosphate (SADP) Adhesive: Bond Performance and Chemical Transformation

et al. 2019

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Sucrose is one of the most abundantly available renewable chemicals in the world, and it is expected to be utilized as a raw material for wood-based material products. Herein, a novel adhesion system that was based on sucrose and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (ADP) was synthesized into an adhesive with 80% solid content, and this eco-friendly was utilized on the fabrication of plywood. The effects of the synthesis conditions on the plywood bond performance and synthesis mechanism were investigated. The optimal synthesis conditions were as follows: the mass proportion between sucrose and ADP was 90/10, the synthesis temperature was 90 °C, and the synthesis time was 3 h. The bonding performance of the plywood that was bonded by optimal SADP adhesive satisfied the GB/T 9846-2015 standard. The chemical analysis was performance tested by using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), Attenuated Total Reflection-Fourier Transform Infrared Spectra (ATR-FTIR), and Pyrolysis Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) to understand the chemical transformation during the synthesis process. The chemical analysis results confirmed that the hydrolysis and conversation reaction of sucrose occurred in the synthesized SADP adhesive, and ADP promoted the pyrolysis efficiency of sucrose.

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“…Tannin, because of their distinct chemical properties, are classified into hydrolysable tannins and condensed or polyflavonoid tannins [1]. They are natural phenolic compounds, fairly ubiquitous in the vegetable world and commonly utilized as a starting materials in many fields, such as medicine [2,3], wastewater treatment [4][5][6], activated carbon [7,8], wood adhesives [9][10][11][12], fire resistance [13,14], coatings [15][16][17], etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and Characterization of Condensed Tannin Non-Isocyanate Polyurethane (NIPU) Rigid Foams by Ambient Temperature Blowing

Chen

Pizzi

et al. 2020

Polymers

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Ambient temperature self-blowing mimosa tannin-based non-isocyanate polyurethane (NIPU) rigid foam was produced, based on a formulation of tannin-based non-isocyanate polyurethane (NIPU) resin. A citric acid and glutaraldehyde mixture served as a blowing agent used to provide foaming energy and cross-link the tannin-derived products to synthesize the NIPU foams. Series of tannin-based NIPU foams containing a different amount of citric acid and glutaraldehyde were prepared. The reaction mechanism of tannin-based NIPU foams were investigated by Fourier Trasform InfraRed (FT-IR), Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry, and 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (13C NMR). The results indicated that urethane linkages were formed. The Tannin-based NIPU foams morphology including physical and mechanical properties were characterized by mechanical compression, by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). All the foams prepared showed a similar open-cell morphology. Nevertheless, the number of cell-wall pores decreased with increasing additions of glutaraldehyde, while bigger foam cells were obtained with increasing additions of citric acid. The compressive mechanical properties improved with the higher level of crosslinking at the higher amount of glutaraldehyde. Moreover, the TGA results showed that the tannin-based NIPU foams prepared had similar thermal stability, although one of them (T-Fs-7) presented the highest char production and residual matter, approaching 18.7% at 790 °C.

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Tannin-Based Biofoams-a Review

Cited by 53 publications

References 115 publications

Further Exploration of Sucrose-Citric Acid Adhesive: Synthesis and Application on Plywood

Further Exploration of Sucrose-Citric Acid Adhesive: Synthesis and Application on Plywood

Investigation and Characterization of Synthesis Conditions on Sucrose-ammonium Dihydrogen Phosphate (SADP) Adhesive: Bond Performance and Chemical Transformation

Preparation and Characterization of Condensed Tannin Non-Isocyanate Polyurethane (NIPU) Rigid Foams by Ambient Temperature Blowing

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