Tanggap Genotipe Kacang Tanah Terhadap Penyakit Bercak Daun Cercospora dan Karat Daun Puccinia

Abstract

ABSTRAKPenyakit bercak daun dan karat merupakan penyakit penting pada kacang tanah yang mengganggu pertumbuhan dan mengurangi hasil kacang tanah. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi ketahanan 13 genotipe kacang tanah terhadap penyakit bercak daun dan karat. Penelitian disusun dalam rancangan split plot dengan 3 ulangan. Petak utama adalah inokulasi propagul penyakit dan tanpa inokulasi, dan anak petak adalah genotipe kacang tanah. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap jumlah pustul karat per daun, jumlah bercak per daun, intensitas penyakit karat, intensitas penyakit bercak daun untuk menentukan tingkat ketahanan genotipe, dan indeks luas daun. Peubah komponen hasil meliputi bobot brangkasan basah, jumlah polong isi per tanaman, jumlah polong hampa, dan bobot polong per tanaman. Penyakit bercak daun muncul lebih awal dibandingkan dengan karat. Semua genotipe kacang tanah yang diuji termasuk sangat rentan penyakit bercak daun dan hanya 1 genotipe termasuk rentan. Intensitas penyakit bercak daun dan karat berkorelasi negatif dengan hasil kacang tanah (r = -0.1 -(-0.4)). Penyakit bercak daun dan karat menyebabkan berkurangnya komponen hasil, antara lain bobot brangkasan basah (73.2 %), jumlah polong isi (68%), dan bobot polong (72.5%). Jumlah polong hampa dan polong chipo meningkat masing-masing sampai 81 dan 56.4%.Kata kunci : inokulasi, intensitas penyakit, ketahanan genotipe, rentan ABSTRACT Leaf spot and rust are two important diseases on groundnut. Both diseases are frequently found at the same time that influence the growth and reduce the yield of groundnut. This study was conducted to evaluate thirteen groundnut genotypes resistance to leaf spot and rust disease. The experiment was conducted using a split plot design and three replications, with inoculated and uninoculated treatment as main plot, and groundnut genotypes as the sub plot. Disease assessment was conducted by counting number of pustules per leaf, the number of spots per leaf, rust disease intensity, the intensity of leaf spot disease, and leaf area index. Yield components including stover weight, number of pods per plant, number of empty pods, number of chipo pods, and weight of pods per plant were recorded for both inoculated and uninoculated plants. The result showed that leaf spot disease developed earlier than rust disease. Only one genotype was susceptible to rust and the other 12 genotypes were very susceptible, whereas all genotypes tested were very susceptible to leaf spot. The intensity of rust and leaf spot diseases was negatively correlated with yield (r = -0.1 -(0.4)). Rust and leaf spot diseases reduced the yield components including stover weight (73.2%), number of pods (68%), and weight of pods (72.5%). The number of empty pods and chipo pods were increase to 81 and 56.4% respectively.

Inundasi Agensia Hayati Corynebacterium Untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Berbagai Varietas Kedelai Di Daerah Endemik Penyakit Karat

“…Penyakit karat merupakan salah satu penyakit penting yang sangat merugikan pada kedelai dan banyak muncul di musim kemarau (Soesanto, 2015). Kerugian kedelai akibat penyakit karat ini dapat mencapai 60% bahkan bisa 100% (Hidayat, 2018). Sebagian petani mengendalikan penyakit dengan menggunakan fungisida kimia sintetik yang dirasakan mahal dan kurang kurang efektif (Heriyanto, 2016), selain itu penggunaan pestisida kimia banyak menimbulkan efek negatif yaitu pencemaran lingkungan, terbunuh musuh alami, terjadi resistensi dan resurgensi organisme pengganggu tanaman, timbul residu pada komoditi hasil pertanian dan gangguan kesehatan manusia (Singkoh dan Katili, 2019).…”

Growth Performance, Yield Component and Genotypic Response of Mungbean (Vignaradiata l.) Against Soil Borne Diseases

“…Infection of soil contagious fungi is often observed in various plants of beans and tubers (Balitkabi as cited in Sumartini, 2011). Infection in mungbean plants in Jambegede IPPTP was reported to be caused by Rhizoctonia solani (Inayati et al, 2016). Tantawizal & Rahayu (2017), also examined the control of Sclerotium rolfsii in the same IPPTP on peanut commodities and resulted that soil-borne microbial infections, tend to increase during plant development from vegetative to generative phases.…”