Tandem Catalytic Systems Integrating Biocatalysts and Inorganic Catalysts Using Functionalized Porous Materials

Abstract

Tandem catalysis research has recently come alive with various methods to design biosynthetic pathways utilizing enzymes and inorganic catalysts in single-pot systems. Clever applications of porous supports have brought about ways for the successful integration of incompatible enzymes and inorganic catalysts into these onepot systems to enhance the properties of the combined catalysts. Over the past several years research in this area has shown that supports can be used to stabilize catalysts as well as act as active components within the systems. In this Perspective, we present and discuss current reports that demonstrate successful combinations of enzymes and inorganic catalysts supported on porous supports for tandem reactions and challenges yet to be overcome.

Au3+‐Functionalized UiO‐67 Metal‐Organic Framework Nanoparticles: O2•− and •OH Generating Nanozymes and Their Antibacterial Functions

“…Also, organic nanoparticles, for example, melanine, [ 32 ] polyethylenimine, [ 33 ] were introduced as functional catalytic systems of mimicking enzymes. Furthermore, metal‐organic framework nanoparticles (NMOFs) modified with metal ions‐ligand units [ 34–37 ] or catalytic nanoparticles [ 38–41 ] integrated in the porous structure of the frameworks were applied as catalytic nanozymes. In addition, the chemical modification of nanozymes with receptor ligands improved their enzyme‐like activities.…”

Efficient Entrapment of Carbonic Anhydrase in Alginate Hydrogels Using Liposomes for Continuous-Flow Catalytic Reactions

“…Immobilized biocatalysts can give opportunities to continuously operate reactors for various purposes. − Support materials for enzyme immobilization can provide spatially or interfacially controlled reaction environments being potentially advantageous for multiple enzyme-catalyzed or bioelectrochemical reactions. − The alginate beads entrapped with BCALs were confined in a flow-through column and a TB2 solution containing 1.0 mM p -NA was passed continuously through the reactor. The absorbance at 405 nm was measured with respect to the fractions collected at the outlet of the reactor.…”

A Porphyrin-Based Covalent Organic Framework as Metal-Free Visible-LED-Light Photocatalyst for One-Pot Tandem Benzyl Alcohol Oxidation/Knoevenagel Condensation

“…The application of light-assisted organic synthesis has also been growing at a fast pace over the past few years [ 16 , 25 , 26 ]. On the other hand, tandem reactions are a current front in chemical engineering, since it avoids unnecessary process steps, simplifies the reaction workup, and represents the intensification of a multi-step process [ 27 , 28 , 29 ]. Tandem reactions usually require multifunctional catalysts that are able to promote more than one single reaction [ 30 ].…”