Tamarixia radiata global distribution to current and future climate using the climate change experiment (CLIMEX) model

Abstract

The phloem-limited bacteria, “Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus” and “Ca. L. americanus”, are the causal pathogens responsible for Huanglongbing (HLB). The Asian citrus psyllid Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae) is the principal vector of these “Ca. Liberibacter” species. Though Tamarixia radiata Waterston (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) has been useful in biological control programmes against D. citri, information on its global distribution remains vague. Using the Climate Change Experiment (CLIMEX) model, the potential global distribution of T. radiata under the 2050s, 2070s, and 2090s for Special Report on Emissions Scenarios A1B and A2 was defined globally. The results showed that habitat suitability for T. radiata covered Africa, Asia, Europe, Oceania, and the Americas. The model predicted climate suitable areas for T. radiata beyond its presently known native and non-native areas. The new locations predicted to have habitat suitability for T. radiata included parts of Europe and Oceania. Under the different climate change scenarios, the model predicted contraction of high habitat suitability (EI > 30) for T. radiata from the 2050s to the 2090s. Nevertheless, the distribution maps created using the CLIMEX model may be helpful in the search for and release of T. radiata in new regions.

Host–Parasitoid Phenology, Distribution, and Biological Control under Climate Change

“…However, regarding host-parasitoids, there is limited evidence of such geographical shifts and adaptations to these new climatic changes. For instance, D. citri in China has expanded significantly northward, and prediction studies revealed that this pest will move even further as a result of climate change [112]; however, using the Climate Change Experiment (CLIMEX) model, Souza et al [113] and Aidoo et al [114] reported that its associated natural enemy T. radiata will also move beyond its presently known native and non-native areas. Additionally, using climate change simulations, Li et al [115] reported that three aphid species including Schizaphis graminum (Rondani), Rhopalosiphum padi (Linnaeus), and Sitobion avenae (Fabricius) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and their associated natural enemies Aphidius gifuensis (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), Episyrphus balteatus (De Geer) (Diptera: Syrphidae), and Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) will move toward higher altitudes in most regions, and as the climate warms, ladybug H. axyridis will become more effective at suppressing aphid populations.…”

Assessment of Carbon Sequestration Capacity of E. ulmoides in Ruyang County and Its Ecological Suitability Zoning Based on Satellite Images of GF-6

“…The niche model can be used to assess and predict the effect of climate change on plants. Currently, several models, such as bioclimatic modeling (BIOCLIM), global geographic information system for a medicinal plant (GMPGIS), climate change experiment (CLIMEX), genetic algorithm for rule-set production (GARP), and maximum entropy (MaxEnt) have been used to predict the potential distribution of species [ 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ]. Among these, the MaxEnt-based model is a frequently used tool.…”