“…Authors Oral development Downing & Oliver, 1974;Gombert, 1992; Reading comprehension Hiebert, Cioffi & Antonak, 1984;MacGillivray, 1994;D'warte, 2012Second Language Learning Cisero & Royer, 1995Norbert, 1999 ;Bialystok, 2007;Hu, 2010 ;Bialystok & Barac, 2012 ;Ellis, 2009Early Years' Learning Karmiloff-Smith et al, 1996Martello, 2001;Lin et al 2011Spelling Development Nunes, Bryant & Bindman, 2006Bourassa, Treiman & Kessler, 2006Handwriting Development Caravolas, Kessler, Hume & Snowling, 2005 Gombert (1992) did recognise some of the specific demands of writing and that metalinguistic understanding in writing may be different from that related to talk. He notes that the absence of an immediate reader and immediate feedback makes writing more challenging, 'the cognitive consequence of [this…] is the higher level of abstraction and elaboration required in the processing of written language' (1992:151) and suggests that, as a consequence, 'metalinguistic development thus appears to be of primary importance in the acquisition of writing'.…”