Talk and embodiment in collaborative virtual environments

Cooperative Work and Lived Cognition: A Taxonomy of Embodied Actions

“…Interestingly, it is recent work on user embodiment in virtual spaces that has called for a greater understanding of the social and interactional role of actual bodies (Benford et al, 1995;Bowers et al, 1996aBowers et al, , 1996b. Benford et al (1995) commented that in cooperative systems "embodiment often seems to be a neglected issue (It appears that many collaborative systems still view users as people on the outside looking in)" (p. 242).…”

“…They found that the virtual embodiments seemed to have some social interactional role (p. 63). In a more recent paper, Bowers et al (1996b) considered how action and interaction in the virtual and physical world inter-relate. Their analysis articulated the work that embodied subjects have to do within their local physical environment in order to manage their virtual body in its virtual environment…”

Round Table: A Physical Interface for Virtual Camera Deployment in Electronic Arenas

“…Only in the extreme case of a completely strict coupling between physical activity and consequences in the virtual world (and vice versa) would it be possible to think that a physical object could non-problematically represent a virtual one. As soon as the coupling is relaxed the relationship between the physical and the virtual has to be achieved in users' practical understandings rather than technically mandated (see [3]). In a sense, this argument presents a limit case on the use of tangible mixed reality interfaces.…”

Analyse de techniques de coopération en environnements virtuels 3D

“…De plus, grâce à sa mise en oeuvre relativement aisée, plusieurs plates-formes de réalité virtuelle permettent l'utilisation de la voix : MAS-SIVE (Greenhalgh et al, 1995), Spin3D (Dumas et al, 1999), etc. Mais la voix entraîne des discontinuités lors de coopérations (Bowers et al, 1996), notamment lorsqu'un utilisateur lance un appel aux autres pour démarrer une action mais finalement en arrive à agir lui-même par défaut. C'est ce moment, où l'on attend une réponse de la part de quelqu'un, qu'un délai est introduit.…”