Taking FANET to Next Level

Abstract

Flying Ad-hoc Network (FANET) is a special member/class of Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) in which the movable nodes are known as by the name of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) that are operated from a long remote distance in which there is no human personnel involved. It is an ad-hoc network in which the UAVs can more in 3D ways simultaneously in the air without any onboard pilot. In other words, this is a pilot free ad-hoc network also known as Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) and the component introduced for such a system is known as UAV. There are many single UAV applications but using multiple UAVs system cooperating can be helpful in many ways in the field of wireless communication. Deployments of these small UAVs are quick and flexible which overcome the limitation of traditional ad hoc networks. FANETs differ from other kinds of ad hoc networks and envisioned to play an important role where infrastructure operations are not available and assigned tasks are too dull, dirty, or dangerous for humans. Moreover, setting up to bolster the range and performance of small UAV in ad hoc network lead to emergent evolution with its high stability, quick deployment, and ease-of-use for the formation of the network. Routing and task allocation are the challenging research areas of the network with ad hoc nodes. The paper overview based on the study of biological inspired routing protocols (Moth-and-Ant and Bee Ad-Hoc) routing protocols.

CR-NBEER: Cooperative-Relay Neighboring-Based Energy Efficient Routing Protocol for Marine Underwater Sensor Networks

“…Bharany et al [5] presented a novel routing scheme for underwater communication. Further work was reported by Bosi et al focusing on energy consumption [6].…”

“…Marine Underwater Sensor Networks (MUSNs) present the possibility of communication underwater and on the water's surface [1]. Marine vehicles use this technology, known as the Underwater Wireless Sensor Network (UWSN) [2][3][4][5], for communication. The sensor nodes are deployed in and on the water's surface, forming a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) in the water environment [6].…”

Advancements in Neighboring-Based Energy-Efficient Routing Protocol (NBEER) for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks

“…UWSNs have the potential to gather valuable data from regions submerged under water, which make up over 70% of Earth's surface [1,2]. These networks consist of numerous autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) that gather information from deployed sensor nodes [3]. Major challenges in underwater communication include node failures, limited bandwidth, and extended propagation delays.…”