Tailoring the low-density polyethylene - thermoplastic starch composites using cellulose nanocrystals and compatibilizer

Kaboorani, Alireza; Gray, Narges; Hamzeh, Yahya; Abdulkhani, Ali; Shirmohammadli, Younes

doi:10.1016/j.polymertesting.2020.107007

Cited by 22 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 93 publications

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“…One of the possible explanations of this feature is the presence of -OH groups in lignin and the affinity to water molecules, which are able to form a hydrogen bond, and therefore reduction of water permeability increases. A similar observation was reported by Kaboorani et al when LDPE was mixed with thermoplastic starch (TPS) and particles of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) [39]. In this work, the WVTR reduced from 22.2 to 17.2 (g/m 2 /day) for LDPE/TPS and LDPE/TPS/CNCs composites, respectively.…”

Section: Barrier Properties Of Studied Compoundssupporting

confidence: 89%

The Role of Inorganic-Organic Bio-Fillers Containing Kraft Lignin in Improvement in Functional Properties of Polyethylene

et al. 2021

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In this study, MgO-lignin (MgO-L) dual phase fillers with varying amounts of lignin as well as pristine lignin and magnesium oxide were used as effective bio-fillers to increase the ultraviolet light protection and enhance the barrier performance of low density polyethylene (LDPE) thin sheet films. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to check the crystalline structure of the studied samples, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was applied to determine morphological characteristics. The results of optical spectrometry in the range of UV light indicated that LDPE/MgO-L (1:5 wt/wt) composition exhibited the best protection factor, whereas LDPE did not absorb ultraviolet waves. Moreover, the addition of hybrid filler decreased the oxygen permeability factor and water vapor transmission compared with neat LDPE and its composites with pristine additives, such as lignin and magnesium oxide. The strong influence of the microstructure on thin sheet films was observed in the DSC results, as double melting peaks were detected only for LDPE compounded with inorganic-organic bio-fillers: LDPE/MgO-L.

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Section: Barrier Properties Of Studied Compoundssupporting

confidence: 89%

The Role of Inorganic-Organic Bio-Fillers Containing Kraft Lignin in Improvement in Functional Properties of Polyethylene

et al. 2021

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“…20,21 Because of this characteristic, nanocellulose is poorly dispersed in hydrophobic polymer matrixes, leading to poor composite performance as a result of a low nanocellulose/matrix interaction. 20,22,23 Therefore, several approaches were used to achieve a homogeneous distribution of nanocellulose in polymer matrices 20,21,24 including: solution mixing, [25][26][27] reactive compatibilization, 21,24,28,29 ringopening polymerization, [30][31][32] and surface modification of CNCs. [33][34][35] Mechanical properties of nanocomposites are known to be affected by a wide variety of factors, including nanofiller concentration, aspect ratio, stiffness, dispersion, and orientation, and interphase characteristics like thickness, modulus, and strength.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interphase parameter prediction in nanocellulose composites using young modulus modeling

Ghasemi

Espahbodi

et al. 2023

Journal of Composite Materials

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In this study, the Ji-developed model for modeling the young modulus of nanocomposites was suggested to predict interphase thickness (Y) and modulus (Ei). The resulting model was evaluated for accuracy by comparing it to the experimental young moduli of various samples. Additionally, the effects of using a compatibilizer or modified nanocellulose on the interphase thickness and modulus of nanocellulose composites are investigated. Those samples exhibiting the highest Y and Ei parameters are TPS/NFC, PA6/NCC, and PVA/NCC, which can form hydrogen bonds with nanocellulose hydroxyl groups due to their ability to form hydrogen bonds. When compatibilizers are applied to nanocomposites or modified nanocellulose is applied in the polymer matrix, interphase parameters increase. In PLA/NFC composites, MA coupling agents were used to increase Y by 4000%, while Ei increased by 1045%. Moreover, the Y and Ei of CNCs modified with aminopropyl triethoxysilane (APS) in polyamide-6/NCC increased from 0.35 to 0.69 (97.14%) and 35.26 to 58.7 (66.47%). The Ji model was also investigated with and without considering the interphase thickness. As a result, the model became better fitted to experimental young modulus results by considering the interphase parameter in nanocomposites.

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“…Starch-based compatibilizers examples are starch-g-poly(acrylic acid), stearic acid-grafted starch [7] and octanoate starch (OCST) [8]. PE-based compatibilizer modifies the surface of PE [9], while starch-based improve the starch hydrophobic character to enhance the distribution of starch [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Full Factorial Design Analysis and Characterization of Polyethylene, Starch and Aloe Vera Gel Thin Film Formulation

Karim¹,

Jai²,

Hamid³

et al. 2021

International Journal on Advanced Science, Engineering and Information Technology

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The polyethylene-thermoplastic (PE/TPS) based film was introduced many years ago, but the compatibility of PE/TPS still an issue because synthetic compatibilizer has a safety drawback. In this work, aloe vera (AV) was introduced as a compatibilizer to enhance stress and characteristics of PE/TPS film. This paper determines the optimum PE/TPS/AV film formulation using full factorial design (FFD) analysis. Melt blending and hot-press techniques were used to prepare the film. Four selected PE/TPS/AV samples were chosen to discuss mechanical properties, functional groups, thermal degradation, and thermal properties changes. Based on FFD, PE was the most significant material that caused substantial changes in the film's mechanical properties. Concurrently, the interaction between PE/TPS and TPS/AV significantly influenced the value of the secant modulus. The addition of AV into TPS improved the stress and reduced the strain. New peaks are present in TPS/AV that share the same functional group with PE. Thus, improving the stress of the film. The presence of AV caused peaks 2916 cm -1 and 2849 cm -1 of TPS to strengthen at once; the thermal degradation increases tremendously from 282 °C to 354.70 °C. The melting temperature showed a reduction when TPS/AV was added into PE, but the crystallization temperature did not significantly change. However, significant changes occurred for crystallization enthalpy when TPS/AV was incorporated in PE at once, affecting the degree of crystallinity. In conclusion, AV was suggested to act as a compatibilizer/crosslinker or plasticizer to improve PE film packaging properties.

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Tailoring the low-density polyethylene - thermoplastic starch composites using cellulose nanocrystals and compatibilizer

Cited by 22 publications

References 93 publications

The Role of Inorganic-Organic Bio-Fillers Containing Kraft Lignin in Improvement in Functional Properties of Polyethylene

The Role of Inorganic-Organic Bio-Fillers Containing Kraft Lignin in Improvement in Functional Properties of Polyethylene

Interphase parameter prediction in nanocellulose composites using young modulus modeling

Full Factorial Design Analysis and Characterization of Polyethylene, Starch and Aloe Vera Gel Thin Film Formulation

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