Tailoring and optimization of a honey-based nanoemulgel loaded with an itraconazole–thyme oil nanoemulsion for oral candidiasis

Abstract

The use of essential oil–based nanoemulsions (NEs) has been the subject of extensive research on a variety of conditions affecting the oral cavity. NEs are delivery methods that improve the solubility and distribution of lipid medicines to the intended areas. Because of their antibacterial and antifungal properties, itraconazole and thyme oil–based self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems (ItZ-ThO-SNEDDS) were created to protect oral health against oral microorganisms. The ItZ-ThO-SNEDDS were created utilizing an extreme verices mixture design, and varying concentrations of ThO (10% and 25%), labrasol (40% and 70%), and transcutol (20% and 40%) were used. The ItZ-ThO-SNEDDS had droplet sizes of less than 250 nm, a drug-loading efficiency of up to 64%, and a fungal growth inhibition zone of up to 20 mm. The accepted design was used to obtain the ideal formulation, which contained ThO in the amount of 0.18 g/ml, labrasol 0.62 g/ml, and transcutol 0.2 g/ml. The best ItZ-ThO-SNEDDS formulation was incorporated into a honey-based gel, which demonstrated improved release of ItZ in vitro and improved transbuccal permeation ex vivo . In addition, when compared with various formulations tested in rats, the optimized loaded emulgel decreased the ulcer index. This study therefore demonstrated that the ItZ-ThO-SNEDDS could offer an effective defense against oral diseases caused by microbial infections.

Development and Optimization of a Novel Lozenge Containing a Metronidazole-Peppermint Oil-Tranexamic Acid Self-Nanoemulsified Delivery System to Be Used after Dental Extraction: In Vitro Evaluation and In Vivo Appraisal

“…Then, the methanol solution was filtered through a membrane of 0.45 µm. A UV-visible spectrophotometer was used to measure the solubility of MZ at a maximum of 277 nm, and the measurement was carried out three times [ 43 ].…”

“…Using a UV-visible spectrophotometer, the medication was extracted and the quantity of MZ was measured and evaluated at a λ max of 277 nm. The drug-entrapment effectiveness was calculated using the following formula [ 43 ]: where C total was the theoretical added concentration and C free was the drug concentration in the supernatant fluid.…”

“…Using a UV-visible spectrophotometer, the medication was extracted and the quantity of MZ was measured and evaluated at a λ max of 277 nm. The drug-entrapment effectiveness was calculated using the following formula [43]:…”

Development and Characterization of New Miconazole-Based Microemulsions for Buccal Delivery by Implementing a Full Factorial Design Modeling

“…Furthermore, novel nanotherapeutic systems proposed progress in increasing API bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy [ 25 ]. Vesicular systems [ 26 ], nanoparticles [ 27 ], and micro-/nanoemulsified systems [ 28 , 29 , 30 ] are remarked as the main advances meant to improve the solubility and retention of the antifungals in oral mucosa [ 6 ].…”

Permeability-Enhanced Liposomal Emulgel Formulation of 5-Fluorouracil for the Treatment of Skin Cancer

“…Any ideal emulgel should be stable, devoid of moisture entrapment, cake formation, oil globule coalescence, and excessive spreadability. These formulations are therefore recommended for topical medication administration [ 22 ]. In this experiment, natural eucalyptus oil and clove oil were utilized to enhance biocompatibility and bioavailability.…”