Tailoring Additively Manufactured Titanium Implants for Short‐Time Pediatric Implantations with Enhanced Bactericidal Activity

Abstract

Paediatric titanium (Ti) implants are used for the short-term fixation of fractures, after which they are removed. However, bone overgrowth on the implant surface can complicate their removal. The current Ti implants research focuses on improving their osseointegration and antibacterial properties for longterm use while overlooking the requirements of temporary implants. This paper presents the engineering of additively manufactured Ti implants with antibacterial properties and prevention of bone cell overgrowth. 3D-printed implants were fabricated followed by electrochemical anodization to generate vertically aligned titania nanotubes (TNTs) on the surface with specific diameters (~100 nm) to reduce cell attachment and proliferation. To achieve enhanced antibacterial performance, TNTs were coated with gallium nitrate as antibacterial agent. The physicochemical characteristics of these implants assessed by the attachment, growth and viability of osteoblastic MG-63 cells showed significantly reduced cell attachment and proliferation, confirming the ability of TNTs surface to avoid cell overgrowth. Gallium coated TNTs showed strong antibacterial activity against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa with reduced bacterial attachment and high rates of bacterial death. Thus a new approach for the engineering of temporary Ti implants with enhanced bactericidal properties with reduced bone cell attachment is demonstrated as a new strategy toward a new generation of short-term implants in paediatrics.

Modulation of MG-63 Osteogenic Response on Mechano-Bactericidal Micronanostructured Titanium Surfaces

“…The difference in the rate of cell proliferation could be attributed to the addition of surface nanostructures since M-H 2 SO 4 (microroughened only) surfaces were able to support the enhanced attachment and proliferation of MG-63 cells in comparison to smooth pTi surfaces. Depending on the surface architecture and the nanostructure pattern, a decreased level of attachment of eukaryotic cells could be observed compared to that on nontextured surfaces. , For example, we recently demonstrated a reduction in the attachment and proliferation of MG-63 cells in response to additively manufactured microrough Ti surfaces covered with mechano-bactericidal 100 nm diameter titania nanotubes . These results were correlated to membrane damage caused by the sharp edges of the nanotubes as the cells attached, combined with decreased availability of surface attachment sites.…”

“…45,46 For example, we recently demonstrated a reduction in the attachment and proliferation of MG-63 cells in response to additively manufactured microrough Ti surfaces covered with mechano-bactericidal 100 nm diameter titania nanotubes. 47 These results were correlated to membrane damage caused by the sharp edges of the nanotubes as the cells attached, combined with decreased availability of surface attachment sites. However, in this work, the addition of the nanoscale features on MN-HCl surfaces positively impacted MG-63 cell attachment and proliferation.…”

Promontofixation Using Titanium Mesh Implant in a Patient with Genital Prolapse: A Clinical Case

“…Структура и форма такой сетки удерживается даже при подрезании краев, в работе он очень удобен, может подвергаться повторной стерилизации. Этот материал абсолютно инертен к тканям организма, что подтверждено многими исследователями, в этом он имеет преимущество перед полипропиленовым сетчатым протезом [8,9]. Увеличенные промежутки между нитями «титанового шелка» создают дополнительные пути оттока жидкости, а шероховатость и тонкий диаметр нитей (10 мкм) обеспечивают лучшее прорастание тканей пациента сквозь материал.…”

Treatment of Knee Osteochondral Fractures

“…New manufacturing techniques were developed to produce Ti implants to prevent bone cell overgrowth and provide antibacterial properties. Maher et al [ 35 ] manufactured, using the 3D printing technique and electrochemical anodization, implants with vertically aligned titania nanotubes on the surface to reduce cell attachment and proliferation due to their hydrophobic nature.…”