Modulation of MG-63 Osteogenic Response on Mechano-Bactericidal Micronanostructured Titanium Surfaces

Abstract

Despite recent advances in the development of orthopedic devices, implant-related failures that occur as a result of poor osseointegration and nosocomial infection are frequent. In this study, we developed a multiscale titanium (Ti) surface topography that promotes both osteogenic and mechanobactericidal activity using a simple two-step fabrication approach. The response of MG-63 osteoblast-like cells and antibacterial activity toward Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria was compared for two distinct micronanoarchitectures of differing surface roughness created by acid etching, using either hydrochloric acid (HCl) or sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4 ), followed by hydrothermal treatment, henceforth referred to as either MN-HCl or MN-H 2 SO 4 . The MN-HCl surfaces were characterized by an average surface microroughness (S a ) of 0.8 ± 0.1 μm covered by blade-like nanosheets of 10 ± 2.1 nm thickness, whereas the MN-H 2 SO 4 surfaces exhibited a greater S a value of 5.8 ± 0.6 μm, with a network of nanosheets of 20 ± 2.6 nm thickness. Both micronanostructured surfaces promoted enhanced MG-63 attachment and differentiation; however, cell proliferation was only significantly increased on MN-HCl surfaces. In addition, the MN-HCl surface exhibited increased levels of bactericidal activity, with only 0.6% of the P. aeruginosa cells and approximately 5% S. aureus cells remaining viable after 24 h when compared to control surfaces. Thus, we propose the modulation of surface roughness and architecture on the micro-and nanoscale to achieve efficient manipulation of osteogenic cell response combined with mechanical antibacterial activity. The outcomes of this study provide significant insight into the further development of advanced multifunctional orthopedic implant surfaces.

Unraveling the Adhesion Behavior of Different Cell Lines on Biomimetic PEDOT Interfaces: The Role of Surface Morphology and Antifouling Properties

“…For instance, the combination of micro/nanostructures was expected to create a biological synergy that can further enhance osteoblast behavior. 40 By the introduction of wellestablished nanostructures, certain nanostructures have exhibited suitable conditions for different types of cells to grow. These topographies apply mechanical forces to a flat interface that attaches cells and causes them to elongate and differentiate.…”

“…Cell adhesion behavior is a complex phenomenon intertwined with several interface factors, encompassing parameters such as roughness ratios, wettability, and chemical attributes. For instance, the combination of micro/nanostructures was expected to create a biological synergy that can further enhance osteoblast behavior . By the introduction of well-established nanostructures, certain nanostructures have exhibited suitable conditions for different types of cells to grow.…”

Interplay between Immune and Bacterial Cells on a Biomimetic Nanostructured Surface: A “Race for the Surface” Study

“…23 Furthermore, similar nanostructured surfaces have shown excellent cytocompatibility with human macrophage, 23 fibroblast cells, 21 and osteoblast-like cells. 24 Recently, an in vivo sheep model study compared implants having surfaces modified with antibacterial nanostructures to the gold standard hydroxylapatite-coated devices. The study reported enhanced bone integration with the antibacterial nanostructured implants.…”

“…For titanium nanostructures, a common and facile method for nanostructure fabrication is hydrothermal etching (HTE). , HTE titanium (HTE-Ti) nanostructures have been shown to be effective against both fungi and bacteria (Gram-positive and Gram-negative) , for an extended period of time . Furthermore, similar nanostructured surfaces have shown excellent cytocompatibility with human macrophage, fibroblast cells, and osteoblast-like cells . Recently, an in vivo sheep model study compared implants having surfaces modified with antibacterial nanostructures to the gold standard hydroxylapatite-coated devices.…”