“…[ 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 ] Therefore, considerable research has been devoted to improving the PSC performance via ETL modification. [ 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 ] SnO 2 nanocrystals are a widely used ETL material that can be oriented so as to facilitate the vertical growth of the perovskite crystals, a morphology essential to charge carrier transport. In addition, a suitable structural modification of the SnO 2 ETL can result in an enhanced ETL‐perovskite interfacial contact as well as increased pack densification and grain size of the perovskite crystals, which, in turn, increase the fill factor (FF) and stability of the PSC devices.…”