Electron Transport Assisted by Transparent Conductive Oxide Elements in Perovskite Solar Cells

Abstract

Fluorine and indium elements in F-doped SnO 2 (FTO) and Sndoped In 2 O 3 (ITO), respectively, significantly contribute toward enhancing the electrical conductivity of these transparent conductive oxides. In this study, fluorine was combined with indium to modify the SnO 2 electron transport layer (ETL) through InF 3 . Consequently, the modified perovskite solar cells (PSCs) showe the favorable alignment of energy levels, improved absorption and utilization of light, enhanced interfacial charge extraction, and suppressed interfacial charge recombination. After InF 3 modification, the open circuit voltage (V oc ) and fill factor (FF) of the PSC were significantly improved, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE) reached 21.39 %, far exceeding that of the control PSC (19.62 %).

Complexation Engineering of Electron Transport Layers for High‐Performance Perovskite Solar Cells

“…The UV–vis absorptions of all samples are not significantly different, but the absorption edges of perovskite deposited on [Ni(NH 3 ) 6 ]F 2 or [Co(NH 3 ) 6 ]F 2 are blueshifted compared to that of the perovskite deposited on the blank sample, indicating the interactions between F − and PbI 2 . [ 26 ] X‐Ray diffraction (XRD) of the perovskite films deposited on the pure SnO 2 , [Ni(NH 3 ) 6 ]F 2 ‐SnO 2 , and [Co(NH 3 ) 6 ]F 2 ‐SnO 2 ETLs shows that the diffraction peak intensities increase significantly after modification (Figure 2f), which confirms the improvement in perovskite crystallinity. [ 23 ]…”

“…Analysis of the Sn 3d peak also shows that the [Ni(NH 3 ) 6 ]F 2 -or [Co(NH 3 ) 6 ]F 2 -modified samples exhibit higher binding energies than that of the blank sample (Figure S5, Supporting Information,), indicating the interactions between the complex and SnO 2 . [26] The conduction band energy (E CB ) of each layer before and after modification was determined using ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) and UV-vis. As shown in Figure S6, Supporting Information, [Ni(NH 3 ) 6 ]F 2 -or [Co(NH 3 ) 6 ]F 2modified SnO 2 exhibits a larger cutoff energy than that of pure SnO 2 .…”

“…Analysis of the Sn 3 d peak also shows that the [Ni(NH 3 ) 6 ]F 2 ‐ or [Co(NH 3 ) 6 ]F 2 ‐modified samples exhibit higher binding energies than that of the blank sample (Figure S5, Supporting Information,), indicating the interactions between the complex and SnO 2 . [ 26 ]…”

“…[ 1–3 ] The engineering of the electron transport layer (ETL) is critical for rapidly improving the efficiencies of PSCs to values comparable to those of silicon solar cells. [ 4–24 ] Currently, there are several methods of modifying the ETLs in n–i–p structure PSCs: [ 25 ] 1) doping the ETL with halogen (F − , [ 26 ] Cl − , [ 27 ] etc. ), metal (Ru 2+ , [ 28 ] Zr 2+ , [ 29 ] Nb 5+ , [ 30 ] etc.…”

Bifunctional Interfacial Regulation with 4‐(Trifluoromethyl) Benzoic Acid to Reduce the Photovoltage Deficit of MAPbI3‐Based Perovskite Solar Cells

“…Lower LUMO energy levels mean that the extraction and transportation of electrons from the perovskite is easier. [27] The Gaussian package was used to determine the molecular dipole moments of BA-CF 3 (1.87 Debye), BA-CH 3 (2.32 Debye), and NA-CF 3 (1.66 Debye). These dipole moments indicate that it is possible to form a dipole interface and shift the electrostatic potential in these materials.…”