Tailored Approach for Persistent Olfactory Dysfunction After SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Pilot Study

Sousa, Francisco Alves de; Machado, André De Sousa; Costa, Joana Raquel; Silva, Ana Costa; Pinto, Ana Nóbrega; Coutinho, M.; Meireles, Luís; Sousa, Cecília Almeida e

doi:10.1177/00034894221111093

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…The nasal status assessment was performed by nasal endoscopy for exclusion of nasal pathology and evaluation of Lund-Kennedy score -when a polyp score ≥ 1 was seen, the patient was excluded from our cohort while follow-up and further management were maintained in parallel. Also, all patients underwent olfactory training and adjuvant therapy using the strategy described in the protocol described by Sousa et al [14].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In rhinology, VAS has been found to be a reliable and accurate method for quantifying patients' symptoms of nasal obstruction and other related conditions in cases of persistent allergic rhinitis [13]. VAS has been shown to correlate well with the severity of allergic rhinitis and its impact on asthma [14]. In cases of nasal decongestion testing, the use of VAS has been shown to be clinically relevant as it allows a fair degree of reliability in performing the test in the absence of rhinomanometry [15].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Visual Analog Scale and Olfactory Objective Tests in Hyposmia Patients: Is There a Link?

Machado¹,

Sousa²,

Silva³

et al. 2023

Cureus

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IntroductionOlfactory dysfunction (OD) is often a devaluated sensorial affection. The objective evaluation of this dysfunction does not evaluate its compromise in patients' daily life. It is unclear to what extent there is a correlation between the objective evaluation of OD and patient-reported impairment. ObjectiveWe aim to search if Sniffin Sticks® correlates with the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) of Hyposmia Symptoms, and therefore if it is a useful method for clinical use. MethodsA prospective study was carried out to evaluate and compare consecutive patients who had olfactory impairment due to COVID-19 that were referred to an otolaryngology office. The variables evaluated were gender, age, co-morbidities, and olfactory thresholds (measured according to Sniffin Sticks®). Patients were also enquired about their sense of impairment according to VAS from 1 (worst possible) to 10 (best possible).Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS (IBM SPSS Statistics 26). Normal distribution was checked using both skewness and kurtosis and Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests. Pearson correlation test was used to seek a correlation between VAS and olfactory thresholds. All reported p-values are two-tailed, with a p-value ≤ 0.05 indicating statistical significance. ResultsOur sample of 47 patients was composed of 30 females (63.8%) and 17 females (36.2%). We found a mean variation between olfactory thresholds before and after the intervention of 3.91±2.466, and an average improvement of 2.29±2.93 in the visual analog scale for subjective evaluation of olfactory impairment. According to the Pearson correlation test, with 95% confidence, there is evidence to claim a moderate association (0.512) between an improvement in olfactory thresholds and VAS (p=0.05). ConclusionsThere was a moderate correlation between ratings and measures of olfactory function. On an individual basis, there were remarkable differences between measures and ratings of olfactory function. VAS should be considered in the evaluation of the hyposmic patient, due to its simplicity and quick applicability.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visual Analog Scale and Olfactory Objective Tests in Hyposmia Patients: Is There a Link?

Machado¹,

Sousa²,

Silva³

et al. 2023

Cureus

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“…Olfaction is an intriguing sense and plays a major role in health, social interaction, and self-protection from harmful stimuli, therefore having a considerable impact on quality of life [ 1 ]. Since olfaction relates closely with emotional status, some studies have shown a connection between olfaction and depressive disorders [ 1 , 18 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptation and Validation of Portuguese Version of Olfactory Disorders Questionnaire (PT-ODQ)

Machado¹,

Sousa²,

Costa³

et al. 2022

Cureus

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IntroductionOlfactory dysfunction (OD) is often a devaluated sensorial affection. The objective evaluation of this dysfunction doesn't evaluate its compromise in patients' daily life. Therefore, the use of a Portuguesevalidated tool is of uttermost importance to objectively scale the pathology presented by these patients. ObjectiveWe aim to validate and cross-culturally adapt the Olfactory Disorders Questionnaire (ODQ) in the Portuguese language. MethodsA prospective study was carried out to evaluate and compare 56 consecutive patients who had olfactory disorders and 54 asymptomatic controls. A cross-cultural adaptation process was taken into account in order to transform the original English tool into a valid Portuguese version. We explored the psychometric properties of the European-Portuguese version of the Portuguese version of ODQ (PT-ODQ) concerning its internal consistency, reproducibility, feasibility, and discriminatory validity. ResultsCronbach alpha for the tool was 0.924 showing strong internal consistency. We also found a statistically significant difference in PT-ODQ between patients with olfactory disorders and patients without olfactory disorders, according to the Mann-Whitney test. ConclusionsThe PT-ODQ seems to be a valid tool for assessing the individual effect of olfactory disorders on patients' quality of life and, therefore, could be applied in olfactory disorders research and daily practice.

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“…Although being a formerly neglected topic, OF has now gained redoubled interest, moving to the forefront among patients' and surgeons' concerns. 33 Results are conflicting regarding the effect of SRP on OF. 34,35 On the one hand, it is known that nasal surgery may harm olfactory epithelium and worsen OF when measured shortly after surgery.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Septorhinoplasty and the Late Impact on Olfactory Function: A Review and Meta-analysis

et al. 2022

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Background: Septorhinoplasty (SRP) is one of the most commonly performed procedures worldwide. There is a recognized debate about the impact of nasal surgery on olfactory function (OF). The study's objective was to assess the effect of SRP on late postoperative OF. Methods: A comprehensive review and meta-analysis were employed to assess OF after SRP. All the integrated studies used objective instruments to quantify OF before and after surgery. A literature search was conducted, and the selected works were evaluated, computed, and finally included in a meta-analysis. The risk of bias was assessed using the NIH Guidance for Evaluating the Quality of Before-After (Pre-Post) Studies with No Control Group. Only the latest follow-up OF measurements provided by each research was considered in the analysis. The 95 percent confidence interval of the effect magnitude for each study was calculated to elucidate effect sizes. Results: There were 11 studies included in the analysis. Five studies reported late OF improvement (45.5%), five studies reported no alteration in OF (45.5%), and only one study reported OF impairment after SRP (9%). Some studies describe a transitory decline in OF shortly following surgery, followed by postoperative improvement. A pooled meta-analysis showed that OF was not significantly altered after SRP (p = 0.10) in the late follow-up. Conclusions: SRP surgery seems to constitute a safe procedure concerning OF in the long term. According to research, OF may deteriorate temporarily after surgery with later improvement, sometimes to higher values than baseline. The anticipated evolution of OF after intervention could be discussed during the preoperative consultation for SRP.

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Tailored Approach for Persistent Olfactory Dysfunction After SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Pilot Study

Cited by 9 publications

References 52 publications

Visual Analog Scale and Olfactory Objective Tests in Hyposmia Patients: Is There a Link?

Visual Analog Scale and Olfactory Objective Tests in Hyposmia Patients: Is There a Link?

Adaptation and Validation of Portuguese Version of Olfactory Disorders Questionnaire (PT-ODQ)

Septorhinoplasty and the Late Impact on Olfactory Function: A Review and Meta-analysis

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