Adaptation and Validation of Portuguese Version of Olfactory Disorders Questionnaire (PT-ODQ)

Machado, André De Sousa; Sousa, Francisco Alves de; Costa, Joana Raquel; Silva, Ana; Pinto, Ana Nóbrega; Simmen, Daniel; Briner, Hans Rudolf; Meireles, Luís

doi:10.7759/cureus.29939

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…In test-retest studies, the time frame needs to be long enough so that participants will not recall the test items but short enough so that there will not be changes in their condition ( 39 ). Other studies have reported intervals of 2 weeks to 12 months between the test periods ( 33 , 34 , 37 , 40 , 41 ). In our study, the mQOD was readministered after a 7-day interval.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validity and Reliability of the Malay Questionnaire for Olfactory Disorders

Gima,

Sui Lin,

Nik Hassan

et al. 2023

MJMS

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Background: Olfactory disorders (OD) are an umbrella term for a diverse group of smell problems. Numerous tests and questionnaires have been formulated to identify and test the severity of smell impairment, which is not readily available or translated for the Malaysian population. This study aimed to translate the Questionnaire for Olfactory Disorders (QOD) and validate and test the reliability of the Malay Questionnaire for Olfactory Disorders (mQOD). Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in two tertiary centres. A forward and backward translation was conducted for the QOD. The translated questionnaire was distributed to subjects with self-reported smell disorders on days 1 and 7. Internal consistency was analysed using Cronbach’s alpha and test-retest reliability was tested with an intraclass correlation coefficient. Confirmatory factor analysis was performed to test construct validity. Results: A total of 375 participants were recruited, 52 dropped out and 323 completed the questionnaire a second time. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was 0.537 for parosmia (P), 0.892 for life quality (LQ), 0.637 for sincerity (S) and 0.865 for visual analogue score (VAS). The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for domain scores was > 0.9, while the ICC for all items was good to excellent. A three-factor model for mQOD showed an acceptable fit with indices chi-square value (CMIN)/degree of freedom (DF) = 3.332, Tucker-Lewis fit index (TLI) = 0.923, comparative fit index (CFI) = 0.939, root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) = 0.079 and standardised root mean square residual (SRMR) = 0.0574. Conclusion: The mQOD is a valid and reliable tool for assessing OD in patients

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validity and Reliability of the Malay Questionnaire for Olfactory Disorders

Gima,

Sui Lin,

Nik Hassan

et al. 2023

MJMS

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“…It evaluates various aspects of patients’ experiences with olfactory disorders, addressing issues such as social and emotional well-being, food enjoyment, safety concerns, and daily activities. In recent years, the QOD has been validated in English 10 , Portuguese 11 , Spanish 12 , Korean 13 , Chinese 14 and French 15 . The short version of the QOD was recently validated in Italian 16 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validity and reliability of the Questionnaire of Olfactory Disorders for Italian-speaking patients with olfactory dysfunction

Vaira,

Tirelli,

Rizzo

et al. 2024

Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital

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SUMMARY Objective To translate and validate an Italian version of the Questionnaire of Olfactory Disorders (IT-QOD). Materials and methods This is a prospective, multicentre study that involved patients with olfactory dysfunction (OD). Both cases and controls underwent administration of the IT-QOD, Sino-Nasal Outcome Test-22 (SNOT-22) and psychophysical evaluation of orthonasal and retronasal olfactory function. Results The IT-QOD was administered to 96 patients and 38 controls. The Cronbach’s alpha exceeded 0.90, indicating satisfactory internal consistency. The test-retest reliability was found to be high for both parosmia (rs = 0.944) and life quality (rs = 0.969). Patients with OD had significantly higher IT-QOD scores compared to healthy individuals (p < 0.001), indicating strong internal validity. The external validity was also satisfactory, as shown by the significant correlation with SNOT-22 (rs = -0.54) and the threshold, discrimination, and identification score (rs = -0.63). Conclusions The IT-QOD was demonstrated to be reliable and valid to assess the impact of OD on the quality of life of Italian-speaking patients.

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“…The use of objective tools such as Sniffin Sticks® is of great usefulness, providing an objective stratification of the patient OD. Regarding the effect on the quality of life of the patient, some questionnaires have been used and validated to understand the impact of OD on daily life [9]. However, some of those tools are time-consuming.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visual Analog Scale and Olfactory Objective Tests in Hyposmia Patients: Is There a Link?

Machado¹,

Sousa²,

Silva³

et al. 2023

Cureus

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IntroductionOlfactory dysfunction (OD) is often a devaluated sensorial affection. The objective evaluation of this dysfunction does not evaluate its compromise in patients' daily life. It is unclear to what extent there is a correlation between the objective evaluation of OD and patient-reported impairment. ObjectiveWe aim to search if Sniffin Sticks® correlates with the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) of Hyposmia Symptoms, and therefore if it is a useful method for clinical use. MethodsA prospective study was carried out to evaluate and compare consecutive patients who had olfactory impairment due to COVID-19 that were referred to an otolaryngology office. The variables evaluated were gender, age, co-morbidities, and olfactory thresholds (measured according to Sniffin Sticks®). Patients were also enquired about their sense of impairment according to VAS from 1 (worst possible) to 10 (best possible).Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS (IBM SPSS Statistics 26). Normal distribution was checked using both skewness and kurtosis and Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests. Pearson correlation test was used to seek a correlation between VAS and olfactory thresholds. All reported p-values are two-tailed, with a p-value ≤ 0.05 indicating statistical significance. ResultsOur sample of 47 patients was composed of 30 females (63.8%) and 17 females (36.2%). We found a mean variation between olfactory thresholds before and after the intervention of 3.91±2.466, and an average improvement of 2.29±2.93 in the visual analog scale for subjective evaluation of olfactory impairment. According to the Pearson correlation test, with 95% confidence, there is evidence to claim a moderate association (0.512) between an improvement in olfactory thresholds and VAS (p=0.05). ConclusionsThere was a moderate correlation between ratings and measures of olfactory function. On an individual basis, there were remarkable differences between measures and ratings of olfactory function. VAS should be considered in the evaluation of the hyposmic patient, due to its simplicity and quick applicability.

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Adaptation and Validation of Portuguese Version of Olfactory Disorders Questionnaire (PT-ODQ)

Cited by 3 publications

References 18 publications

Validity and Reliability of the Malay Questionnaire for Olfactory Disorders

Validity and Reliability of the Malay Questionnaire for Olfactory Disorders

Validity and reliability of the Questionnaire of Olfactory Disorders for Italian-speaking patients with olfactory dysfunction

Visual Analog Scale and Olfactory Objective Tests in Hyposmia Patients: Is There a Link?

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