Tail beat frequency as a predictor of swimming speed and oxygen consumption of saithe (Pollachius virens) and whiting (Merlangius merlangus) during forced swimming

Steinhausen, M. F.; Steffensen, John F.; Andersen, Niels Gerner

doi:10.1007/s00227-005-0055-9

Cited by 90 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…These data suggest that strong swimmers may primarily rely on their higher f TBmax to achieve their greater swimming capacity because the laterally moving portions of their body experience an augmented drag (Lighthill, 1971). However, a higher f TBmax will lead to a higher energy expenditure because f TB has a strong, positive correlation with M O2 (Herskin and Steffensen, 1998;Lowe, 2001;Steinhausen et al, 2005); thus, the strong-swimmers (qingbo) have a higher M O2active than the common carp and the goldfish to satisfy the higher energy expenditure caused by a higher f TBmax . The kawakawa tuna (Euthynnus affinis) had a greater f TB and a lower A TB than the chub mackerel and also had higher energy expenditure (Donley and Dickson, 2000).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of caudal fin loss and regeneration on the swimming performance of three cyprinid fish with different swimming capacities

Cao

2013

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARYIn nature, the caudal fins of fish species are frequently lost to some extent by aggressive behaviour, predation and diseases. To test whether the swimming performance of fish with different swimming capacities would be differentially affected due to caudal fin loss and regeneration, we investigated the critical swimming speed (U crit ), swimming metabolic rate (M O2 ), tail beat frequency (f TB ) and tail beat amplitude (A TB ) after caudal fin loss and regeneration (20days) in juveniles of three cyprinid fish species: the qingbo (Spinibarbus sinensis; strong swimmer), the common carp (Cyprinus carpio; intermediate swimmer) and the goldfish (Carassius auratus; poor swimmer). The U crit values of the caudal-fin-lost qingbo, common carp and goldfish were 49, 32 and 35% significantly lower than those of the control groups, respectively. The maximum tail beat amplitude (A TBmax ) (all three fishes), the maximum tail beat frequency (f TBmax ) (only the common carp and the goldfish) and/or the active metabolic rate (M O2active ) (only the common carp) of the caudal-fin-lost fish were significantly higher than those of the control groups. After 20days of recovery, the caudal fins recovered to 41, 47 and 24% of those of the control groups for the qingbo, the common carp and the goldfish, respectively. However, the U crit values of the fin-regenerated qingbo, common carp and goldfish recovered to 86, 91 and 95% of those of the control group, respectively. The caudal-fin-regenerated qingbo and common carp showed a significantly higher A TBmax and f TBmax , respectively, compared with those of the control groups. The qingbo had a higher f TBmax but a lower A TBmax than the common carp and the goldfish, which suggested that a strong swimmer may maintain swimming speed primarily by maintaining a greater f TBmax , for which the caudal fin plays a more important role during swimming, than a poor swimmer. The M O2active of fish (common carp) with a redundant respiratory capacity could increase due to caudal fin loss to meet the increase in energy expenditure required by an increase in f TBmax . In addition, the sustained swimming performance may not be the only selective pressure acting on caudal fin size in these three species, and the present caudal fin size may be a trade-off between sustain swimming performance and other factors (e.g. sexual selection, escape responses). Supplementary material available online at

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of caudal fin loss and regeneration on the swimming performance of three cyprinid fish with different swimming capacities

Cao

2013

Journal of Experimental Biology

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“…The swimming section of the small flume was 47 cm long, 15 cm wide and 14.5 cm deep and has previously been described by Steinhausen et al (2005). In this setup, water current velocity was corrected for solid blocking effects according to Bell & Terhune (1970).…”

Section: Swim Tunnelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Critical swimming speed in groups of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar

Remen¹,

Solstorm²,

Bui³

et al. 2016

Aquacult. Environ. Interact.

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“…Variables associated with swimming speed (e.g. tail beat pressure and frequency) have been tested as suitable predictors of M O 2 during forced swimming (Lowe et al 1998;Lowe 2001;Webber et al 2001;Steinhausen et al 2005Steinhausen et al , 2007Ohlberger et al 2007). In general, however, wild fish do not swim steadily and linearly as in forced swimming experiments, but move spontaneously with changes in speed and direction during activities, such as feeding, territorial defence and predator avoidance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of swimming pattern on the energy use of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurataL.)

Steinhausen

Steffensen

Andersen

2010

Marine and Freshwater Behaviour and Physiology

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Oxygen consumption (M O2 ) was measured for gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) during spontaneous and forced activities. During spontaneous activity, the swimming pattern was analysed for the effect on M O2 on the average speed (U), turning rate () and change in speed (DU). All swimming characteristics contributed significantly to the source of spontaneous swimming costs, and the models explained up to 58% of the variation in M O2 : Prediction of M O2 of fish in field studies can thereby be improved if changes in speed and direction are determined in addition to swimming speed. A relationship between swimming speed and M O2 during forced activity was also established. During spontaneous activity, 2.5 times more energy was used than in forced swimming at a speed of 0.5 BL s À1. This indicates that spontaneous swimming costs may be considerably higher compared with those of a fixed swimming speed. However, comparing M O2 at the respective optimum swimming speeds with the lowest cost of transport (U opt ) resulted in similar values independent of swimming mode. This could be an important observation in estimating energetic costs of free-ranging fishes.

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Tail beat frequency as a predictor of swimming speed and oxygen consumption of saithe (Pollachius virens) and whiting (Merlangius merlangus) during forced swimming

Cited by 90 publications

References 28 publications

The effects of caudal fin loss and regeneration on the swimming performance of three cyprinid fish with different swimming capacities

The effects of caudal fin loss and regeneration on the swimming performance of three cyprinid fish with different swimming capacities

Critical swimming speed in groups of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar

The effects of swimming pattern on the energy use of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurataL.)

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