“…In particular, we will (a) briefly introduce Tai Chi Chuan, (b) review the literature discussing Tai Chi Chuan and cognition, (c) examine evidence related to the potential mediators of the relationship between Tai Chi Chuan and cognition, and (d) present possible implications and recommendations for future research in this area. We chose Tai Chi Chuan because this is a form of exercise that is well suited to older adults (Rogers, Larkey, & Keller, 2009), is increasing in popularity in Western countries (Yan & Downing, 1998), and has a relatively well-established empirical literature (Cheng, 2007;Yeh, Wang, Wayne, & Phillips, 2009). Although Tai Chi Chuan is considered a form of aerobic exercise (Lan, Chen, & Lai, 2004), its benefits for cognition have not been studied extensively, possibly because Tai Chi Chuan is not typically performed with a goal of increasing cardiovascular fitness.…”