Tactile communication of speech: A review and an analysis.

Kirman, Jacob H.

doi:10.1037/h0034630

Cited by 108 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Much has been written about the temporal and spatial limitations imposed by presenting patterns successively to a single location on the skin (Craig, 1976(Craig, ,1978(Craig, , 1983a(Craig, , 1983b(Craig, , 1985b. Temporal interactions might be avoided by reducing the rate at which patterns are presented to the skin, but this would be at the risk of also reducing the rate of information processing (Craig & Sherrick, 1982; but see also Kirman, 1973). Indeed, the IL results in Figure 2 show that discrimination accuracy improves when there is more time between patterns.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of location on the discrimination of spatial vibrotactile patterns

Horner

1995

Perception & Psychophysics

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The present study examined whether the locations of patterns on the skin affected the ability to process information about their shapes. In Experiment 1,pairs of spatial vibrotactile patterns, using the array from the Optacon, were presented sequentially to subjects' left index fingerpads, The location of each pattern in a pair was varied randomly among four locations on the skin. The subjects responded "same" or "different" on the basis of the shapes of patterns, regardless of their locations. Discrimination accuracy was highest and response time fastest when patterns occupied identical 10-cations (ILs), and performance suffered with increasing distance between patterns. In Experiment 2, pairs were presented to corresponding points or to noncorresponding points on separate fingerpads. When patterns occupied corresponding points on separate fingers, accuracy was lower than when patterns occupied ILs on a single finger, but higher than when patterns occupied noncorresponding points on separate fingers. The results suggested that discriminability declined partly because patterns did not occupy ILs,and partly because separate locations had different densities of innervation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of location on the discrimination of spatial vibrotactile patterns

Horner

1995

Perception & Psychophysics

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“…The skin has been deseribed by some researchers as suffering from limited temporal resolution (Kirman, 1973). It was expected that slowed-down tactile presentations would permit aftersensations to dissipate and facilitate tactile reading.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tactile retention: Reading with the skin

Heller

1980

Perception & Psychophysics

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“…The practical concern was to proVide designers of tactile displays with an understanding of the proper spatiotemporal conditions for the emergence of good apparent movement under conditions involving tactile patterns of varying complexity, such as might result from a tactile display of speech. In particular, as I have discussed in an earlier paper (Kirman, 1973), it may be of considerable importance for a tactile display of speech to maintain a sense of continuity for some portions of the tactile stimulus stream (e.g., over syl· labic units) while providing segmenting intervals that result in clear perceptual segregation at other times. It is obviously relevant to know whether the required temporal conditions for the illusion of continuous movement vary significantly with the geometry of the shapes presented or the type of motion described.…”

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confidence: 99%

Tactile apparent movement: The effects of shape and type of motion

Kirman

1983

Perception & Psychophysics

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Judgments of tactile apparent movement were obtained from six subjects for a variety of tactile spatiotemporal stimulus patterns (moving points and lines, rotating lines, and expanding squares, boundaries, and holes). Each of these patterns was presented by means of three different numbers of steps used to trace the pattern over time. Stimulus duration and interstimulus onset interval (lSOI) were varied to determine the temporal conditions required for good tactile apparent movement. In general, pattern shape and type of movement (linear, rotating, expanding) had little effect on the temporal conditions for good apparent movement or on the interactions among the other variables. Increasing the number of steps in a pattern decreased the ISOI required for good apparent movement, but had no effect on the range of ISOls over which good movement was obtained. Increases in stimulus duration increased the ISOI required for good tactile apparent movement, in agreement with earlier studies, and increased as well the range of ISOls over which good movement was obtained.This experiment was stimulated by both theoret· ical and practical concerns. The theoretical interest was to examine the effects of shape and type of movement on the temporal conditions for the phenomenon of apparent movement in the tactual modality, as has been done in vision (Anstis, 1970(Anstis, , 1978Kolers, 1972). The practical concern was to proVide designers of tactile displays with an understanding of the proper spatiotemporal conditions for the emergence of good apparent movement under conditions involving tactile patterns of varying complexity, such as might result from a tactile display of speech. In particular, as I have discussed in an earlier paper (Kirman, 1973), it may be of considerable importance for a tactile display of speech to maintain a sense of continuity for some portions of the tactile stimulus stream (e.g., over syl· labic units) while providing segmenting intervals that result in clear perceptual segregation at other times. It is obviously relevant to know whether the required temporal conditions for the illusion of continuous movement vary significantly with the geometry of the shapes presented or the type of motion described.Previous experiments on tactile apparent movement have focused on only two point-stimulators or several such point-stimulators in a linear arrangement (Kirman, 1974a(Kirman, , 1974b(Kirman, , 1975Sherrick & Rogers, 1966). Whether more complex pattern shapes or directions of movement would be integratable by apparent movement at the same or similar temporal intervals was not clear. The present experiment, therefore, while including linear movement similar to that previously studied, also utilized several other shapes and types 96of motion. An additional aspect of tactile display presentation investigated here was the number of successive steps involved in presenting any given spatiotemporal pattern. For example, in presenting the trajectory of a tactile stimulus over some distance from locus A to locus B, ...

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Tactile communication of speech: A review and an analysis.

Cited by 108 publications

References 60 publications

The effect of location on the discrimination of spatial vibrotactile patterns

The effect of location on the discrimination of spatial vibrotactile patterns

Tactile retention: Reading with the skin

Tactile apparent movement: The effects of shape and type of motion

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