“…Since the first report that SP depolarizes rat DRG neurons (Dray and Pinnock, 1982), many studies have focused on the actions of neurokinins on sensory neurons (Spigelman and Puil, 1990;Inoue et al, 1995;Akasu et al, 1996;Li and Zhao, 1998;Abdulla et al, 2001) and on firing in bladder afferent nerves (Morrison, 1999). In general, SP elicits excitatory actions including membrane depolarization (Spigelman and Puil, 1990;Li and Zhao, 1998), inward current (Inoue et al, 1995;Akasu et al, 1996;Yang et al, 2003), or enhanced excitability in the absence of a membrane potential change (Abdulla et al, 2001).…”