Tablet of Ximenia Americana L. Developed from Mucoadhesive Polymers for Future Use in Oral Treatment of Fungal Infections

Abstract

The use of biocompatible polymers such as Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC), Hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC), Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), and Carbopol in solid formulations results in mucoadhesive systems capable of promoting the prolonged and localized release of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs). This strategy represents a technological innovation that can be applied to improving the treatment of oral infections, such as oral candidiasis. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop a tablet of Ximenia americana L. from mucoadhesive polymers for use in the treatment of oral candidiasis. An X. americana extract (MIC of 125 μg·mL−1) was obtained by turbolysis at 50% of ethanol, a level that demonstrated activity against Candida albicans. Differential Thermal Analysis and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy techniques allowed the choice of HPMC as a mucoadhesive agent, besides polyvinylpyrrolidone, magnesium stearate, and mannitol to integrate the formulation of X. americana. These excipients were granulated with an ethanolic solution 70% v/v at PVP 5%, and a mucoadhesive tablet was obtained by compression. Finally, mucoadhesive strength was evaluated, and the results demonstrated good mucoadhesive forces in mucin disk and pig buccal mucosa. Therefore, the study allowed a new alternative to be developed for the treatment of buccal candidiasis, one which overcomes the inconveniences of common treatments, costs little, and facilitates patients’ adhesion.

Study of viscoelastic, sorption and mucoadhesive properties of selected polymer blends for biomedical applications

“…In turn, the mucoadhesive strength characteristic of Kollidon VA 64 disc was ca. 0.37 N. The different interaction strengths recorded for particular polymers indicate that interactions between different polymers and mucin are of different types, which is consistent with literature reports [33,34]. Stasiak et al [34] have also investigated the HEC disc interaction with 10% (w/ values is mainly a result of the application of different pressing force and different concentration of the mucin solution.…”

The regulation of hyphae growth in Candida albicans

“…On solid medium, Tpk1 is involved in filamentation, while in the liquid medium, Tpk2 is involved in hyphal growth [51,59,61,62]. Interestingly, the C. albicans tpk1/tpk1, tpk2/tpk2 double deletion mutants showed no hyphal growth under various test conditions [63]. However, bcy1Δ/Δ was acquired in a tpk2Δ/Δ background, which reduced PKA activity, with two distinct phenotypes: smooth and filamentous [64,65].…”

An Overview on the Properties of Ximenia Oil Used as Cosmetic in Angola

“…The fruit has a large kernel that contains about 60% in oil [1]. Several studies have been published showing the medicinal potential of this plant, such as for the treatment of the skin [2], as antimicrobial [3], as gastroprotective action [4], and antioxidant activity [5].…”