Tablet of Spondias mombin L. Developed from Nebulized Extract Prevents Gastric Ulcers in Mice via Cytoprotective and Antisecretory Effects

Abstract

Spondias mombin L. (Anacardiaceae) has a worldwide distribution and is present in all regions of Brazil. Its leaves, flowers and bark are used as teas in folk medicine to treat diseases of the digestive system. This study aimed to evaluate the acute non-clinical toxicity, gastroprotective activity, and the related mechanisms of action of nebulized extract and tablets based on dried Spondias mombin (SmNE). SmNE screening showed the presence of flavonoids (0.65%), polyphenols (25.50%), where the major compound is gallic acid. In the acute oral toxicity assay, a dose of 2000 mg/kg of SmNE administered orally in Swiss mice did not induce any behavioral changes. SmNE (250 or 500 mg. kg p.o) significantly reduced the ulcerative lesion area when compared to the control group in ethanol and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAIDs) models. Results showed that treatment with SmNE (250 mg/kg) reduced acid secretion and gastric content, accompanied with an increase in pH. Previous administration of indomethacin and glibenclamide reversed the protection provided by SmNE, confirming the participation of prostaglandins (PGs) and ATP-sensitive potassium channels (KATP) in its gastroprotective effect. The SmNE tablets met the pharmacopeial quality requirements with gastroprotective activity and similar protection in comparison to the isolated extract administrated. In conclusion, SmNe has a gastroprotective activity related to cytoprotective mechanisms, such as the participation of endogenous prostaglandins and KATP channels, having an anti-secretory effect with systemic action. The formulation obtained presented gastroprotective effects similar to the administration of the extract, the tablets showed favorable compression characteristics by the direct route and met the pharmacopeial quality requirements.

Phytopharmacological Activities of Spondias mombinLinn: A Review

“…[46][47][48] S. mombin L has shown favorable gastroprotective activities both with its leaves extracts and tablets formulations. 49 The gastroprotective effect is well related to both cytoprotective mechanisms, including the participation of endogenous prostaglandins and ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels, and antisecretory properties with systemic actions. 49 A study by Oluwatosin and Deborah indicated that leaf extract of S. mombin L. has antiulcer property as compared with standard drugs, showing protective effect on gastric mucosa in models of ibuprofen and alcohol-induced ulcer and an inhibitory effect on gastric acid secretion in the pylorus-ligated models.…”

“…49 The gastroprotective effect is well related to both cytoprotective mechanisms, including the participation of endogenous prostaglandins and ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels, and antisecretory properties with systemic actions. 49 A study by Oluwatosin and Deborah indicated that leaf extract of S. mombin L. has antiulcer property as compared with standard drugs, showing protective effect on gastric mucosa in models of ibuprofen and alcohol-induced ulcer and an inhibitory effect on gastric acid secretion in the pylorus-ligated models. 50 The study suggested several potential pathways for S. mombin L. cytoprotective activity to include the nonprotein sulfhydryl (NP-SH) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) pathways.…”

Phenolic Compound Profile by UPLC-MS/MS and Encapsulation with Chitosan of Spondias mombin L. Fruit Peel Extract from Cerrado Hotspot—Brazil

“…This finding is very interesting since ellagic acid has a proven antioxidant capacity [48]. Gallic acid is also considered a chemical marker for leaf extract, being useful for the quality control of products with Spondias mombin [49]. In a study with the edible part of the Spondias ssp, 0.040 g of gallic acid/g of extract was found [44] and in the leaves of Spondias mombin a content of 0.101 mg/mL [43].…”

Gastroprotective Mechanisms

“…Gastric ulcer (GU) is a common type of peptic ulcer that stands out among different types of ulcers due to the frequency of occurrence in the digestive tract. In addition, it affects approximately 10% of the world's population [1,2]. Although the number of deaths from GU complications has decreased in recent years, it still seriously affects the patient's quality of life and requires studies in this regard [3].…”