Tabagismo: abuso físico parental e fatores associados entre pacientes dos ambulatórios do Hospital Universitário Júlio Muller, Cuiabá (MT), 2013

Abstract

Com o objetivo de analisar a associação do tabagismo e aspectos familiares, entre os quais o abuso físico parental, foi realizado um levantamento epidemiológico em 604 usuários dos ambulatórios do Hospital Universitário Júlio Müller da Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, na faixa etária de 18 a 85 anos, de março a agosto de 2013. Aplicado questionário sobre os aspectos biossociodemográficos, familiares e tabagismo, sendo este definido conforme os critérios do Ministério da Saúde. Utilizou-se a análise bivariada, com teste do qui-quadrado e exato de Fisher e regressão de Poisson, com as medidas de associação de razão de prevalência com intervalo de confiança (IC) de 95%. A prevalência de tabagismo foi de 18,2%. No modelo final da análise observou-se que os fatores de exposição associados com significância estatística foram: abuso físico parental paterno, isto é, da figura do pai (RP 1,16; IC95% 1,03-1,31), escolaridade (RP 1,13; IC95% 1,06-1,20) e não ter os pais vivos (RP 1,12; IC95% 1,05-1,20); e como fator de proteção, conviver com os pais toda a infância (RP 0,75; IC95% 0,69-0,82) e ser da raça branca (RP 0,91; IC95% 0,85-0,97). Os resultados indicam que a prevalência do tabagismo na população estudada está associada às relações estabelecidas na família. Sugere-se que a família seja considerada na implementação de ações educativas de prevenção.

Influence of the social context in smoking during pregnancy

“…According to a study conducted in Brazil, a high educational level of the pregnant woman and her partner is more prone to free cigarette families. Women with low schooling have less control of smoking in the family environment and are more likely to passive smoking (20) . In fact, the health-disease process is a complex reality, as proposed by the Labonte's model.…”

“…Results showed that the smoking habit in the families of the pregnant women interviewed is something that lasts for generations, seen naturally in the norms of family life. By studying the prevalence of smoking and its association with relationships established in families, it was observed that when tobacco consumption was indiscriminate inside and outside the family environment, often, regardless of the presence of children, the percentage of smokers among the members of the family was high (20) . Thus, it is clear the need for prenatal care to operate from the recognition of the pregnant woman as a subject endowed with self-will, but with limitations in the expression of their autonomous decisions as a consequence of their belonging to a family context that naturally faces the habit of smoking.…”

“…The information received during prenatal care on smoking mobilized pregnant women to think about quitting smoking (20) . However, a qualitative study that investigated barriers to the smoking cessation process in Canada concluded that the pregnant woman does not feel ready for cessation, since this habit is part of her lifestyle and family, helping to overcome difficulties due to the precarious socioeconomic conditions in which they live (22) .…”