“…Because the vertical load is applied in a narrow range of the disc using the above methods, crack initiation may occur at the position of the loading points, which may produce inaccurate results (Fairhurst, 1964;Mellor and Hawkes, 1971). To determine the tensile strength of brittle materials more precisely, discs with different shapes (Fowell, 1995;Lambert and Ross, 2000;Tong et al, 2007;Dai et al, 2010;Keles and Tutluoglu, 2011;Cai, 2013;Surendra, 2013;Hua et al, 2015;Riazi et al, 2015;Lin et al, 2015Lin et al, , 2016 have been proposed, including ring specimens that are placed under a pair of radial loads (Hobbs, 1964;Hudson, 1969). Significant stress and steep stress gradients appear in the specimens, which causes initiation and propagation of the resulting cracks (Wang et al, 2014).…”