T. Lewit, Agricultural Production in the Roman Economy A.D. 200–400 (BAR international series DLXVIII). Oxford: Tempus Reparatum, 1991. Pp. vi + 261, 8 figs. ISBN 0-86054-717-5. £25.00.

* I am much obliged to Peter Garnsey for comments and helpful suggestions on this article. I should also like to thank Vincent Gabrielsen, with whom I discovered a shared interest in protection costs, for inspiring discussions. For further suggestions and stimulating critique, I am indebted to Trine Madsen, Walter Scheidel, and the audience at the 'Meeting of Danish Historians' in August 2003 in Copenhagen, where the ideas for the article were first presented.

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The Fortification of Gaul and the Economy of the Third and Fourth Centuries

Bachrach¹

2010

jla

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An effort is made here to cast light on three areas related to converting the open urbs of Bordeaux into a fortress city during the later third and early fourth centuries. First, some tentative estimates are offered regarding various aspects of the expenditure of human, animal, and material resources that were involved in this project. Secondly, using Bordeaux as a guide, some even more tentative suggestions are made regarding the overall costs of the strategic initiatives that resulted in the fortification of some one hundred cites. Finally, some suggestions are made regarding whether this type of exercise can be of some value, if perhaps only heuristically, in helping us to understand the economic and demographic nature of the "Crisis of the Third Century" in light of its aftermath.

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T. Lewit, Agricultural Production in the Roman Economy A.D. 200–400 (BAR international series DLXVIII). Oxford: Tempus Reparatum, 1991. Pp. vi + 261, 8 figs. ISBN 0-86054-717-5. £25.00.

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Bondage by contract in the late Roman empire

Bondage by contract in the late Roman empire

Trade and Empire In Search of Organizing Concepts for the Roman Economy

The Fortification of Gaul and the Economy of the Third and Fourth Centuries

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