T cell activation and proliferation following acute exercise in human subjects is altered by storage conditions and mitogen selection

Siedlik, Jacob A.; Deckert, Jake A.; Benedict, Stephen H.; Bhatta, Anuja; Dunbar, Amanda Jo; Vardiman, John P.; Gallagher, Philip M.

doi:10.1016/j.jim.2017.03.017

Cited by 14 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Previous work from our laboratory using an acute bout of moderate intensity aerobic and resistance exercise demonstrated increased activation and proliferation of CD3 + cells following stimulation by either phytohemagglutinin (PHA) or co‐stimulation through CD28 (Siedlik et al ). Field studies using elite athletes in competitive trials already demonstrate evidence of increased lymphocyte proliferation following bouts of aerobic exercise (Bassit et al ; Tossige‐Gomes et al ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cells were co‐stimulated through CD3 + CD28 using plate‐bound antibodies or no simulation as previously described (Chirathaworn et al ; Kohlmeier et al ; Siedlik et al ). Each antibody was titrated to the lowest concentration that gave maximum T cell activation: anti‐CD3 (OKT3) used at 1 μ g/mL (BioLegend, San Diego, CA) and anti‐CD28 (CD28.2) at 2 μ g/mL (BioLegend, San Diego, CA).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cellular activation in response to an antigen leads to clonal expansion of antigen‐specific T cells to facilitate neutralization of an invading pathogen (Mueller et al ). In laboratory and clinical settings, clonal expansion in response to either mitogenic stimulation or co‐stimulation through CD28 is commonly utilized as a measure of lymphocyte functional ability (Siedlik et al ; ). Indeed, studies investigating the effects of exercise on the immune system have commonly used proliferation assays to quantify changes in lymphocyte function following an acute bout of aerobic exercise.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous work from our laboratory demonstrated an increase in CD25 expression and enhanced proliferative responses in CD4 + T cells following combined aerobic and resistance training exercise (i.e., circuit training) (Siedlik et al 2017). In this study, we focused our efforts to investigate whether resistance training alone altered CD4 + T cell activation state and response to co-stimulation with CD28.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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CD4⁺T cell activation and associated susceptibility to HIV‐1 infection in vitro increased following acute resistance exercise in human subjects

et al. 2019

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Early studies in exercise immunology suggested acute bouts of exercise had an immunosuppressive effect in human subjects. However, recent data, show acute bouts of combined aerobic and resistance training increase both lymphocyte activation and proliferation. We quantified resistance exercise‐induced changes in the activation state of CD4+ T lymphocytes via surface protein expression and using a medically relevant model of infection (HIV‐1). Using a randomized cross‐over design, 10 untrained subjects completed a control and exercise session. The control session consisted of 30‐min seated rest while the exercise session entailed 3 sets × 10 repetitions of back squat, leg press, and leg extensions at 70% 1‐RM with 2‐min rest between each set. Venous blood samples were obtained pre/post each session. CD4+ T lymphocytes were isolated from whole blood by negative selection. Expression of activation markers (CD69 & CD25) in both nonstimulated and stimulated (costimulation through CD3+CD28) cells were assessed by flow cytometry. Resistance exercised‐induced effects on intracellular activation was further evaluated via in vitro infection with HIV‐1. Nonstimulated CD4+ T lymphocytes obtained postexercise exhibited elevated CD25 expression following 24 h in culture. Enhanced HIV‐1 replication was observed in cells obtained postexercise. Our results demonstrate that an acute bout of resistance exercise increases the activation state of CD4+ T lymphocytes and results in a greater susceptibility to HIV‐1 infection in vitro. These findings offer further evidence that exercise induces activation of T lymphocytes and provides a foundation for the use of medically relevant pathogens as indirect measures of intracellular activation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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CD4⁺T cell activation and associated susceptibility to HIV‐1 infection in vitro increased following acute resistance exercise in human subjects

et al. 2019

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“…The same principles apply to other cell functions, such as in vitro proliferation in response to mitogenic stimuli. However, with this measurement in particular, the commonly reported increase in T cell proliferation immediately after acute bouts of exercise is also strongly influenced by laboratory processes and in vitro assay conditions (e.g., blood processing, temperature, mitogen selection) ( 126 ). A recent meta-analysis of 24 studies concluded that lymphocyte proliferation is suppressed following acute bouts of exercise, and that a greater magnitude of suppression is caused by exercise lasting longer than 1 h, regardless of exercise intensity ( 127 ).…”

Section: Part A: Is It Time To Close the Shutters On The “Open-windowmentioning

confidence: 99%

Debunking the Myth of Exercise-Induced Immune Suppression: Redefining the Impact of Exercise on Immunological Health Across the Lifespan

Campbell¹,

Turner²

2018

Front. Immunol.

472

429

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Epidemiological evidence indicates that regular physical activity and/or frequent structured exercise reduces the incidence of many chronic diseases in older age, including communicable diseases such as viral and bacterial infections, as well as non-communicable diseases such as cancer and chronic inflammatory disorders. Despite the apparent health benefits achieved by leading an active lifestyle, which imply that regular physical activity and frequent exercise enhance immune competency and regulation, the effect of a single bout of exercise on immune function remains a controversial topic. Indeed, to this day, it is perceived by many that a vigorous bout of exercise can temporarily suppress immune function. In the first part of this review, we deconstruct the key pillars which lay the foundation to this theory—referred to as the “open window” hypothesis—and highlight that: (i) limited reliable evidence exists to support the claim that vigorous exercise heightens risk of opportunistic infections; (ii) purported changes to mucosal immunity, namely salivary IgA levels, after exercise do not signpost a period of immune suppression; and (iii) the dramatic reductions to lymphocyte numbers and function 1–2 h after exercise reflects a transient and time-dependent redistribution of immune cells to peripheral tissues, resulting in a heightened state of immune surveillance and immune regulation, as opposed to immune suppression. In the second part of this review, we provide evidence that frequent exercise enhances—rather than suppresses—immune competency, and highlight key findings from human vaccination studies which show heightened responses to bacterial and viral antigens following bouts of exercise. Finally, in the third part of this review, we highlight that regular physical activity and frequent exercise might limit or delay aging of the immune system, providing further evidence that exercise is beneficial for immunological health. In summary, the over-arching aim of this review is to rebalance opinion over the perceived relationships between exercise and immune function. We emphasize that it is a misconception to label any form of acute exercise as immunosuppressive, and, instead, exercise most likely improves immune competency across the lifespan.

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Kinetics of activation marker expression after in vitro polyclonal stimulation of chicken peripheralT cells

et al. 2021

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A comprehensive analysis of T cell activation markers in chicken is lacking. Kinetics of T cell activation markers (CD25, CD28, CD5, MHC-II, CD44, and CD45) in response to in vitro stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells with concanavalin A (Con A) were evaluated between two chicken lines selected for high and low levels of mannose-binding lectin in serum (L10H and L10L, respectively) by flow cytometry. L10H chickens showed a stronger response to Con A based on the frequency of T cell blasts in both the CD4 + and CD8 + compartment. The majority of the proliferating CD4 + and CD8 + T cells expressed CD25. Proliferating T cells were seen both in the CD4 + MHC-II +/− and CD8 + MHC-II +/− population. For both CD4 + and CD8 + T cells, frequencies of CD25 + and MHC-II + T cells were increased 24 h after stimulation. CD28 + frequencies were only increased on CD8 + T cells 48 h after stimulation. An increase in the relative surface expression based on mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) upon activation was observed for most markers except CD5. For CD4 + T cells, CD28 expression increased 24 h after stimulation whereas MHC-II expression increased after 48 h. For CD8 + T cells, a tendency toward an increase in CD25 expression was observed. CD28 expression started to increase 24 h after stimulation and only a transient peak in MHC-II expression on CD8 + T cells was observed after 24 h. CD44 and CD45 expressed on CD4 + and CD8 + T cells increased 24-72 h after stimulation. In summary, the frequency of CD25 + and MHC-II + T cells were shown to be early markers (24 h) for in vitro activation of both CD4 + and CD8 + T cells. Frequency of CD28 + T cells was a later marker (48 h) and only for CD8 + T cells.Surface expression of all markers (MFI) increased permanently or transiently upon activation except for CD5.

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T cell activation and proliferation following acute exercise in human subjects is altered by storage conditions and mitogen selection

Cited by 14 publications

References 23 publications

CD4⁺T cell activation and associated susceptibility to HIV‐1 infection in vitro increased following acute resistance exercise in human subjects

CD4⁺T cell activation and associated susceptibility to HIV‐1 infection in vitro increased following acute resistance exercise in human subjects

Debunking the Myth of Exercise-Induced Immune Suppression: Redefining the Impact of Exercise on Immunological Health Across the Lifespan

Kinetics of activation marker expression after in vitro polyclonal stimulation of chicken peripheralT cells

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T cell activation and proliferation following acute exercise in human subjects is altered by storage conditions and mitogen selection

Cited by 14 publications

References 23 publications

CD4+T cell activation and associated susceptibility to HIV‐1 infection in vitro increased following acute resistance exercise in human subjects

CD4+T cell activation and associated susceptibility to HIV‐1 infection in vitro increased following acute resistance exercise in human subjects

Debunking the Myth of Exercise-Induced Immune Suppression: Redefining the Impact of Exercise on Immunological Health Across the Lifespan

Kinetics of activation marker expression after in vitro polyclonal stimulation of chicken peripheralT cells

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CD4⁺T cell activation and associated susceptibility to HIV‐1 infection in vitro increased following acute resistance exercise in human subjects

CD4⁺T cell activation and associated susceptibility to HIV‐1 infection in vitro increased following acute resistance exercise in human subjects