Systemic inflammatory response and local cytokine expression in porcine models of endocarditis

Abstract

The knowledge of systemic inflammation and local cytokine expression in porcine endocarditis models is limited, though it could provide valuable information about the pathogenesis and comparability to human endocarditis. Analyses of bacteriology and hematology were performed on blood samples from pigs with non-bacterial thrombotic endocarditis (NBTE, n = 11), Staphylococcus aureus infective endocarditis (IE, n = 2), animals with S. aureus sepsis without endocarditis (n = 2) and controls (n = 2). Furthermore, immunohistochemistry was used to examine the local expression of IL-1β and IL-8. Bacterial blood cultures were continuously positive in IE pigs from inoculation to euthanasia, and negative in all other pigs at all times. The total white blood cell counts and total neutrophil counts were massively elevated in pigs with IE. Local IL-1β and IL-8 expression in IE pigs were moderate to high, and high, respectively. In addition, slight local expression of IL-1β and IL-8 was present in some NBTE pigs. In the IE model, both the systemic inflammatory response and the high local expression of IL-8 were comparable to the human disease. Furthermore, the results indicate IL-1β and IL-8 as important contributors in the endocarditis pathogenesis.

Usefulness of Presepsin (sCD14-ST) in diagnosis of Infective Endocarditis - preliminary results of an observational study / Utilitatea presepsinului (sCD14-ST) în Endocardita Infecțioasă –rezultate preliminare ale unui studiu observațional

“…High levels of sCD-14 were corelated with interleukin (IL)-8 levels and poor outcome in sepsis. Experimental results have shown that IL8 local expresion in pigs with IE was high and correlate with the systemic inflammatory response (15). Therefore, based on these findings, we can assume that in infective endocarditis high levels of sCD-14 may be found.…”

Porcine Models of Biofilm Infections with Focus on Pathomorphology

“…The bacteria inoculated were two strains of S. aureus which were isolated from a pig and a human, respectively. The porcine strain produced endocarditis in both studies, using an inoculum dose of 10 7 CFU/ml, whereas infection by the human strain failed to induce endocarditis (Figures 3B2,B3 ; Christiansen et al, 2013a , b ).…”

“…Another study using catheterization was done by Dewar et al ( 1987 ) who used mini-pigs and inoculations of S. sanguis (Group H), which resulted in the development of endocarditis in 75% of the pigs (Dewar et al, 1987 ). Recently, two studies were carried out by Christiansen et al ( 2013a , b ). In these studies a permanent catheter was also placed through the carotid artery and into the left side of the heart.…”

Effect of PM2.5 on invasion and proliferation of HeLa cells and the expression of inflammatory cytokines IL‑1 and IL‑6

“…It has been reported that ( 11 ) PM2.5 inhalation can cause lymphocyte aggregation, neutrophil infiltration and other inflammatory reactions. Inflammatory cytokines IL-1 and IL-6 promote cell aggregation, and the levels of IL-1 and IL-6 reflect early inflammatory reaction in the human body ( 12 ). In this study, HeLa cells were stimulated by PM2.5 to observe the effects of PM2.5 on proliferation and invasion of HeLa cells and on the expression levels of IL-1 and IL-6.…”