Porcine Models of Biofilm Infections with Focus on Pathomorphology

Jensen, Louise Kruse; Johansen, Anne Sofie Boyum; Jensen, Henrik Elvang

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2017.01961

Cited by 29 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 72 publications

(200 reference statements)

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“…In this context, mammals are superior as they offer the closest environment to that of human hosts. Tremendous efforts have been made to develop mammalian models that are truly reflective of biofilm infections in animals, ranging from rodents to larger species such as sheep and pigs [229,230]. As a consequence, a large number of in vivo infection models are now available for targeting a wide range of both tissue-specific infections and device-associated infections.…”

Section: In Vivo Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fortunately, porcine models provide better translational potential than murine models due to their anatomic, physiological and immunological similarities to humans [229]. For example, similar dermal properties and wound healing processes such as re-epithelialization, scarring, and tissue granulation makes porcine models preferable to study chronic wound infections.…”

Section: In Vivo Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In vitro and ex vivo systems at the forefront of infection modeling and drug discovery

Shi

Wang

et al. 2019

Biomaterials

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A B S T R A C TBacterial infections and antibiotic resistant bacteria have become a growing problem over the past decade. As a result, the Centers for Disease Control predict more deaths resulting from microorganisms than all cancers combined by 2050. Currently, many traditional models used to study bacterial infections fail to precisely replicate the in vivo bacterial environment. These models often fail to incorporate fluid flow, bio-mechanical cues, intercellular interactions, host-bacteria interactions, and even the simple inclusion of relevant physiological proteins in culture media. As a result of these inadequate models, there is often a poor correlation between in vitro and in vivo assays, limiting therapeutic potential. Thus, the urgency to establish in vitro and ex vivo systems to investigate the mechanisms underlying bacterial infections and to discover new-age therapeutics against bacterial infections is dire. In this review, we present an update of current in vitro and ex vivo models that are comprehensively changing the landscape of traditional microbiology assays. Further, we provide a comparative analysis of previous research on various established organ-disease models. Lastly, we provide insight on future techniques that may more accurately test new formulations to meet the growing demand of antibiotic resistant bacterial infections. Lack of adequate model systemsCommonly, a variety of inconsistent, in vitro and in vivo models have been progressively utilized for antibiotic/drug development and pathophysiological studies. These systems range from simple in vitro models using microtiter plate assays and flow cells to more complex in https://doi.

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Section: In Vivo Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: In Vivo Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro and ex vivo systems at the forefront of infection modeling and drug discovery

Shi

Wang

et al. 2019

Biomaterials

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“…This prompts the need for animal model systems, in which animal skin is excised (ex vivo), followed by wounding and introduction of relevant microbial components, to simulate an infected wound state. Porcine skin models are considered to be the best representation of human wound infections, given that they share a high degree of anatomic and physiological similarity to human skin (Sullivan et al, 2001;Middelkoop et al, 2004;Seaton et al, 2015;Jensen et al, 2017). Further, the porcine immune system is highly similar to the human immune system, making it well-suited to study host-microbial interactions (Ganesh et al, 2015;Jensen et al, 2017).…”

Section: Ex Vivo Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Porcine skin models are considered to be the best representation of human wound infections, given that they share a high degree of anatomic and physiological similarity to human skin (Sullivan et al, 2001;Middelkoop et al, 2004;Seaton et al, 2015;Jensen et al, 2017). Further, the porcine immune system is highly similar to the human immune system, making it well-suited to study host-microbial interactions (Ganesh et al, 2015;Jensen et al, 2017). Alves, D. R. et al (2018) employed the use of an ex vivo porcine skin model as a substrate to study S. aureus biofilm formation and virulence gene expression in thermally induced wounds.…”

Section: Ex Vivo Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioengineered Platforms for Chronic Wound Infection Studies: How Can We Make Them More Human-Relevant?

Kadam

Nadkarni

Lele

et al. 2019

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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“…Although a final determination of effectiveness can only be obtained through a randomized controlled clinical trial, initial in vivo proof of concept might be obtained through minor modification of animal models developed for wounds. 41 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Removal of Staphylococcus aureus from skin using a combination antibiofilm approach

Wang

Tan

et al. 2018

npj Biofilms Microbiomes

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Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) including methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) is one of the primary microorganisms responsible for surgical site infection (SSI). Since S. aureus contamination is known to originate from the skin, eradicating it on the skin surface at surgical sites is an important intervention to reduce the chance of SSIs. Here we developed and evaluated the efficacy of a combination probiotic/brush sonication strategy for skin preparation at surgical, injection and insertion sites in medicine. A 24 h biofilm on porcine skin explants was used as a worst-case scenario for the evaluation of preparation strategies. Conventional ethanol wipes achieved 0.8~2 log reduction in viable bacteria depending on how many times wiped (x4 or x6). Brush sonication or probiotic supernatant pre-treatment alone achieved a similar reduction as ethanol wipes (1.4 and 0.7~1.4 log reduction, respectively). Notably, combining sonication and probiotic pre-treatment achieved a 4 log reduction in viable bacteria. In addition, probiotic supernatant incubation times as short as 2 h achieved the full effect of this reduction in the combined strategy. These findings suggest the promising potential of combination-format skin preparation strategies that can be developed to more effectively penetrate cracks and folds in the skin to remove biofilms.

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Porcine Models of Biofilm Infections with Focus on Pathomorphology

Cited by 29 publications

References 72 publications

In vitro and ex vivo systems at the forefront of infection modeling and drug discovery

In vitro and ex vivo systems at the forefront of infection modeling and drug discovery

Bioengineered Platforms for Chronic Wound Infection Studies: How Can We Make Them More Human-Relevant?

Removal of Staphylococcus aureus from skin using a combination antibiofilm approach

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