Systemic immune-inflammation index is associated with decreased bone mass density and osteoporosis in postmenopausal women but not in premenopausal women

Abstract

Purpose: This study aims to investigate the associations of the systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) with bone mineral density (BMD) and osteoporosis in adult females from a nationally representative sample. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed among 4,092 females aged ≥20 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007–2010. Linear and logistic regressions were applied to explore the relationships of SII with BMD and the risk of osteoporosis, respectively. Results: Linear regression analyses found that a doubling of SII levels was significantly correlated with a 1.39% [95% % confidence interval (CI): 0.57%, 2.20%] decrease in total femur BMD, a 1.16% (95% CI: 0.31%, 2.00%) decrease in femur neck BMD, a 1.73% (95% CI: 0.78%, 2.66%) decrease in trochanter BMD and a 1.35% (95% CI: 0.50%, 2.20%) decrease in intertrochanteric BMD among postmenopausal women, after adjusting for covariates. Logistic regression analyses showed that compared with postmenopausal women in the lowest SII quartile, those in the highest quartile had higher risks of osteoporosis in the total femur [odds ratio (OR) =1.70, 95% CI: 1.04, 2.76], trochanter (OR=1.86, 95% CI: 1.07, 3.38), intertrochanter (OR=2.01, 95% CI: 1.05, 4.04) as well as overall osteoporosis (OR=1.57, 95% CI: 1.04, 2.37). In contrast, there was no significant association between SII and BMD in premenopausal women. Conclusions: SII levels were negatively associated with BMD levels in postmenopausal women but not in premenopausal women. Elevated SII levels could be a potential risk factor for osteoporosis in postmenopausal women.

Higher systemic immune-inflammation index is associated with sarcopenia in individuals aged 18–59 years: a population-based study

“…SII can be calculated through a routine blood examination, and it has the advantages of being fast, efficient, simple, and low in cost. Previous studies have confirmed that the SII has good clinical application value in the diagnosis of chronic diseases such as tumours, cardiovascular diseases, osteoporosis, and rheumatoid arthritis 26 – 29 . Research suggests that chronic low-grade inflammation associated with ageing may be an important cause of sarcopenia 30 .…”

Exosomes as a potential therapeutic approach in osteoimmunology

“…Therefore, osteoclasts are sensitive to TNF-α, whereas RANKL is involved in maintaining dendritic cell survival and immune system functioning ( 10 , 11 ). Prolonged changes in the cytokine profile alter the functioning of many cells outside the immune system, especially osteoclasts ( 12 ). Effector T-cells, especially Th-17 cells produce IL-17 that play a crucial role in osteoclast activation.…”

Association between systemic immune-inflammation index and insulin resistance and mortality

“…Systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), a new inflammatory biomarker based on platelet count × Neutrophil count/lymphocyte count calculation 7 , 8 , was proved to reflect the degree of systemic inflammation 9 . It reported that SII is independently associated with multisystem diseases, such as cardiovascular disease 10 , diabetic nephropathy 11 , rheumatic immune disease 12 , 13 , cancer 14 – 16 , osteoporosis 17 , metabolic diseases 18 . Different from traditional inflammatory factor, blood routine examination is convenient and inexpensive, and has higher practicability in disease research.…”