Systemic Human Diseases as Oxidative Risk Factors in Cataractogenesis

Costagliola, Ciro; Iuliano, Giuseppe; Menzione, M; Nesti, Anna; Simonelli, Francesca; Rinaldi, E

doi:10.1159/000266734

Cited by 40 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 25 publications

(41 reference statements)

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“…Recently, we have demonstrated that CRF patients have very low levels of GSH in RBCs and increased amounts of oxidized glutathione (GSSG) in plasma [3,9]; moreover, in these patients the biological liquid oxidant activity of se rum, an expression of the free radicals concentration [10], is also elevated compared to the levels found in healthy volun teers [11]. For these reasons we have parenterally adminis tered GSH to CRF patients to verify its efficacy on anemia in these patients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anemia and Chronic Renal Failure: A Therapeutical Approach by Reduced Glutathione Parenteral Administration

Costagliola

Romano

Scibelli

et al. 1992

Nephron

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Authors report on the effect of reduced glutathione parenterally administered on the anemic status in patients suffering from chronic renal failure and undergoing hemodialysis. Twenty patients were studied for 180 days and were divided into two age- and sex-matched groups. The first group (10 patients) received placebo, the second group (10 patients) received the treatment (1,200 mg of reduced glutathione). Reduced glutathione and placebo were given for 120 days in a randomized double-blind fashion and the following measurements were performed : red blood cells reduced and oxidized glutathione, plasma reduced and oxidized glutathione, hematocrit, hemoglobin, reticulocytes, serum iron, transferrin, indirect bilirubin, urea, creatinine, calcium, phosphate, parathyroid hormone and alkaline phosphatase. In the treated group, during the supplementation period, there was an increase in the levels of red blood cells and plasma reduced glutathione, hematocrit and hemoglobin and a concomitant decrease in plasma oxidized glutathione and reticulocytes with a maximum effect on the 120th day of therapy. In the placebo-treated group there were no significant variations of the parameters considered during the study period. When the therapy, on patients undergoing treatment, was terminated there was a drop in the analyzed parameters, which fell to pretreatment values at the subsequent controls. These findings seem to indicate that reduced glutathione could represent a useful drug in the treatment and management of anemia in patients affected by chronic renal failure.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anemia and Chronic Renal Failure: A Therapeutical Approach by Reduced Glutathione Parenteral Administration

Costagliola

Romano

Scibelli

et al. 1992

Nephron

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“…level and cataract [8,11,[20][21][22], Some reported a positive relation between serum a-Toc. level and cataract prev alence [8,11,20], and others found no corre lation [21,22], Studies of a correlation be tween lenticular a-Toc. concentration and cataract formation are few [16,23], and their conclusions also differ.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distributional Change of Alpha-Tocopherol in the Rat Lens with Age

Nagata

Kojima²,

Murano³

et al. 1996

Ophthalmic Res

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Concentration of α-tocopherol (α-Toc.) in the rat lens (1,4 and 12 months old) was determined in single lenticular layers using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. The highest concentration of α-Toc. in lens was found in the nucleus, followed by the deeper anterior and deeper posterior cortices, the shallow anterior and shallow posterior cortices, and the equatorial region. The topographic α-Toc. distribution in the lens did not differ between lenses of 1-, 4- and 12-month-old rats. A significant decrease of α-Toc. concentration was seen in lenses of 4- and 12-month-old rats compared to those 1 month old. Concentration and distribution in 4- and 12-month-old rat lenses were almost the same. The concentration of α-Toc. in the lens changes in relation to age.

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“…It is well established that a major factor involved in the development of cataract is oxidative insult [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. Oxidative stress associated with the formation of lipid peroxides is suggested to contribute to pathological processes in aging and systemic diseases, such as diabetes, atherosclerosis, chronic renal failure, inflammation, and retinal degenerative diseases known as statistically significant risk factors for cataract [21][22][23][24][25].…”

Section: O X I D a T I V E S T R E S S I N T E N S I T Y I N L E N S mentioning

confidence: 99%

Telomere‐dependent senescent phenotype of lens epithelial cells as a biological marker of aging and cataractogenesis: the role of oxidative stress intensity and specific mechanism of phospholipid hydroperoxide toxicity in lens and aqueous

Babizhayev

Vishnyakova

Yegorov

2011

Fundamemntal Clinical Pharma

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Cataract formation represents a serious problem in the elderly and has a large impact on healthcare budget. Aging and cataract formation are relatively complex phenomena, both in vivo and in vitro. Telomeres are special structures at the end of chromosomes. They shorten during each round of replication, and this has been characterized as a mitotic counting mechanism. Our review analysis in this work shows that the rate of telomere shortening in human lens epithelial cells during aging and cataract formation is modulated by oxidative stress as well as by differences in antioxidative defense capacity of the normal and cataractous crystalline lenses. Presented in this review studies suggest that telomere shortening in human lens cells and increased oxidative stress are the result of the peroxidative damage to the lens cell membranes and biomolecules induced in the lack of reductive detoxification of phospholipid hydroperoxides as the triggering mechanism of cataractogenesis. Lipid peroxidation (LPO) is a causative factor of cataract. The increased concentrations of primary molecular LPO products (diene conjugates, lipid hydroperoxides) and end fluorescent LPO products were detected in the lipid moieties of the aqueous humor samples obtained from patients with senile and complicated cataracts when compared to normal donors. The progressive accumulation of oxidative damage may act as an important mechanism for organism aging and cataractogenesis. The oxidative stress form and intensity might determine the lens senescence rate and cataract type, making efforts in the cataract prevention challenge more complex. The analyzed challenge in this work is that the reduction in telomere shortening rate and damages in telomeric DNA make an important contribution to the anticataract and life-extension effect of carnosine administered systemically in the formulations stabilizing a dipeptide from the enzymatic hydrolysis with carnosinase, or topically administered to the eye with carnosine ophthalmic prodrug N-acetylcarnosine and lubricant formulations thereof including corneal absorption promoters. Telomere length in the human crystalline lens cells is a reflection of aging, cataractogenesis, and lifespan in biogerontological studies.

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Systemic Human Diseases as Oxidative Risk Factors in Cataractogenesis

Cited by 40 publications

References 25 publications

Anemia and Chronic Renal Failure: A Therapeutical Approach by Reduced Glutathione Parenteral Administration

Anemia and Chronic Renal Failure: A Therapeutical Approach by Reduced Glutathione Parenteral Administration

Distributional Change of Alpha-Tocopherol in the Rat Lens with Age

Telomere‐dependent senescent phenotype of lens epithelial cells as a biological marker of aging and cataractogenesis: the role of oxidative stress intensity and specific mechanism of phospholipid hydroperoxide toxicity in lens and aqueous

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