Systemic Homologous Neutralizing Antibodies Are Inadequate for the Evaluation of Vaccine Protective Efficacy against Coinfection by High Virulent PEDV and PRRSV

Qiu, Ming; Li, Shubin; Ye, Mengxue; Li, Jixiang; Sun, Zhe; Li, Xinshuai; Xu, Yan; Xiao, Yanzhao; Li, Chen; Feng, Binghui; Hong, Lin; Zheng, Wanglong; Yu, Xiaofang; Tian, Kegong; Zhu, Jianzhong; Chen, Nanhua

doi:10.1128/spectrum.02574-21

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 53 publications

(86 reference statements)

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“…Te data of viremia, antibody level, rectal temperature, and body weight in this study were shown as means ± standard deviations (SD). Te diferences between groups were determined by a Mann−Whitney U test using Graphpad Prism 8 XML project [40]. A p value < 0.05 was considered to be statistically signifcant.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metagenomic and Pathogenic Assessments Identify a Pathogenic Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus 1 with New Deletions from Adult Slaughter Pig in 2022

Qiu

et al. 2023

Transboundary and Emerging Diseases

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Since we first reported porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus 1 (PRRSV1) wild type strains in mainland China in 2011, PRRSV1 infection has been detected in more than 20 provinces in China. During the routine investigation of PRRSV1 epidemiology in 2022, we isolated a novel PRRSV1 strain (SD1291) from an adult slaughter pig in Linyi, Shandong Province. The SD1291 could only be isolated with primary alveolar macrophages (PAMs), not with Marc-145 cells. In addition, the 2022 SD1291 isolate has higher in vitro replication efficacy than the 2014 PRRSV1 HLJB1 isolate in PAMs. Due to high genetic variation, the complete genome of SD1291 was determined by metagenomic sequencing, which showed that SD1291 shares the highest genome similarity (88.12%) with the PRRSV1 HeB47 isolate. Sequence alignment results identified a four-amino-acid deletion in nsp2 and a five-amino-acid deletion in the GP3 and GP4 overlap region of SD1291. A complete-genome-based phylogenetic tree showed that SD1291 is grouped with BJEU06-1-like PRRSV1 isolates. A piglets’ challenge study showed that SD1291 can cause high fever (the highest is 41°C), reduced weight gain, mild lung consolidation, and interstitial pneumonia indicating that SD1291 is a pathogenic PRRSV1 isolate. Overall, this study first identified a novel pathogenic PRRSV1 isolate from an adult slaughter pig in China. Our findings also suggested that new PRRSV1 variants could escape the current PRRSV vaccination system and circulate in adult swine herds, which deserve more attention.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metagenomic and Pathogenic Assessments Identify a Pathogenic Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus 1 with New Deletions from Adult Slaughter Pig in 2022

Qiu

et al. 2023

Transboundary and Emerging Diseases

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“…In recent years, PEDV has emerged as one of the most lethal and infectious pathogens in pigs, and it has caused significant economic losses on the global pig industry. Biosecurity, vaccination, and feedback are basic approaches to managing the disease, but these approaches are not effective at eradicating the spread of PEDV ( 19 – 21 ). At present, there is still a degree of challenge for the isolation of PEDVs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological Characteristics and Pathogenicity Analysis of a Low Virulence G2a Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus

Liu

et al. 2023

Microbiol Spectr

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“…The rectal temperature, weight gain, viremia, and antibody titre are presented as the means ± standard deviations (SDs). The Mann‒Whitney U test in the GraphPad Prism 8 XML project was used for differential analyses among groups [ 8 , 39 ]. The statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A chimeric porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus 1 strain containing synthetic ORF2-6 genes can trigger T follicular helper cell and heterologous neutralizing antibody responses and confer enhanced cross-protection

Li,

Qiu,

et al. 2024

Vet Res

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The prevalence of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus 1 (PRRSV1) isolates has continued to increase in Chinese swine herds in recent years. However, no effective control strategy is available for PRRSV1 infection in China. In this study, we generated the first infectious cDNA clone (rHLJB1) of a Chinese PRRSV1 isolate and subsequently used it as a backbone to construct an ORF2-6 chimeric virus (ORF2-6-CON). This virus contained a synthesized consensus sequence of the PRRSV1 ORF2-6 gene encoding all the envelope proteins. The ORF2-6 consensus sequence shared > 90% nucleotide similarity with four representative strains (Amervac, BJEU06-1, HKEU16 and NMEU09-1) of PRRSV1 in China. ORF2-6-CON had replication efficacy similar to that of the backbone rHLJB1 virus in primary alveolar macrophages (PAMs) and exhibited cell tropism in Marc-145 cells. Piglet inoculation and challenge studies indicated that ORF2-6-CON is not pathogenic to piglets and can induce enhanced cross-protection against a heterologous SD1291 isolate. Notably, ORF2-6-CON inoculation induced higher levels of heterologous neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) against SD1291 than rHLJB1 inoculation, which was concurrent with a higher percentage of T follicular helper (Tfh) cells in tracheobronchial lymph nodes (TBLNs), providing the first clue that porcine Tfh cells are correlated with heterologous PRRSV nAb responses. The number of SD1291-strain-specific IFNγ-secreting cells was similar in ORF2-6-CON-inoculated and rHLJB1-inoculated pigs. Overall, our findings support that the Marc-145-adapted ORF2-6-CON can trigger Tfh cell and heterologous nAb responses to confer improved cross-protection and may serve as a candidate strain for the development of a cross-protective PRRSV1 vaccine.

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Systemic Homologous Neutralizing Antibodies Are Inadequate for the Evaluation of Vaccine Protective Efficacy against Coinfection by High Virulent PEDV and PRRSV

Cited by 8 publications

References 53 publications

Metagenomic and Pathogenic Assessments Identify a Pathogenic Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus 1 with New Deletions from Adult Slaughter Pig in 2022

Metagenomic and Pathogenic Assessments Identify a Pathogenic Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus 1 with New Deletions from Adult Slaughter Pig in 2022

Biological Characteristics and Pathogenicity Analysis of a Low Virulence G2a Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus

A chimeric porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus 1 strain containing synthetic ORF2-6 genes can trigger T follicular helper cell and heterologous neutralizing antibody responses and confer enhanced cross-protection

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