Systematics of midrapidity transverse energy distributions in limited apertures from<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>p</mml:mi><mml:mo>+</mml:mo><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Be</mml:mi></mml:math>to Au+Au collisions at relativistic energies

Abbott, T.; Ahle, L.; Akiba, Y.; Alburger, D.E.; Beavis, D.; Birstein, L.; Bloomer, M. A.; Bond, Peter; Britt, H. C.; Budick, B.; Chasman, C.; Chen, Z.; Y., C.; Chu, Y. Y.; Cianciolo, V.; Cole, B.; Costales, J. B.; Crawford, H. J.; Cumming, J. B.; Debbe, R.; Duek, Eliana Aparecida de Rezende; Engelage, J.; Fung, S. Y.; Gonin, M.; Гродзинс, Л.; Gushue, S.; Hamagaki, H.; Hansén, O.; Hayano, R. S.; Hayashi, Shûichi; Homma, S.; Huang, H. Z.; Ikeda, Yuichi; Juricic, I.; Kaneko, H.; Kang, Joon Ho; Katcoff, S.; Kaufman, S.; Kehoe, W. L.; Kimura, Kento; Kitamura, Kazuhiro; Kurita, K.; Ledoux, R. J.; LeVine, M. J.; Miake, Y.; Morrison, D. P.; Morse, R. J.; Moskowitz, B.; Nagamiya, S.; Namboodiri, M.N.; Nayak, T. K.; Olness, J.W.; Parsons, C. G.; Remsberg, L. P.; Rothschild, Pierre-Raphaël; Sakuraï, H.; Sangster, T. C.; Sarabura, M.; Seto, R.; Shigaki, K.; Shor, A.; Soltz, R. A.; Steadman, S. G.; Stephans, G. S. F.; Sugitate, T.; Sung, Tae–Hyun; Tanaka, M.; Tannenbaum, M. J.; Thomas, J. H.; Tonse, S.; Torikoshi, M.; Ueno-Hayashi, S.; Dijk, J. H. van; Videbæk, F.; Vient, M.; Vincent, P.; Vossnack, O.; Vulgaris, E.; Vutsadakis, V.; Wang, F. Q.; Wang, Y.; Watson, William A.; Wegner, H. E.; Woodruff, D. S.; Wu, Y.; Yagi, K.; Yang, X.; Zachary, D.; Zajc, W. A.

doi:10.1103/physrevc.63.064602

Cited by 18 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 116 publications

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“…energies √ s N N . A representative sample includes the woundednucleon (or nucleon-participant N part ) model (WNM) [8], wounded-projectile-nucleon Model (WPNM) [9][10][11], additive-quark-model (AQM) [12] which is equivalent to a wounded-projectile-quark (color-string) model, constituent-quark-participant model (NQP) [6] and quark-diquark model [13] (where the names reflect the fundamental element of particle production, nucleons or constituent-quarks. 1 ) At RHIC ( √ s N N = 19.6−200 GeV), PHOBOS [14] has shown that the WNM works in Au+Au collisions for the total multiplicity, N ch , over the range |η| < 5.4, while at mid-rapidity, the WNM fails-the multiplicity density per participant pair, dN ch /dη /(N part /2), increases with increasing number of participants, in agreement with previous PHENIX results [7,15,16].…”

Section: A Constituent-quarksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tests of constituent-quark generation methods which maintain both the nucleon center of mass and the desired radial distribution in Monte Carlo Glauber models

et al. 2016

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Several methods of generating three constituent-quarks in a nucleon are evaluated which explicitly maintain the nucleon's center of mass and desired radial distribution and can be used within Monte Carlo Glauber frameworks. The geometric models provided by each method are used to generate distributions over the Number of Constituent Quark Participants (Nqp) in p + p, d+Au and Au+Au collisions. The results are compared with each other and to a previous result of Nqp calculations, without this explicit constraint, used in measurements of √ s N N =200 GeV p + p, d+Au and Au+Au collisions at RHIC.PACS numbers: 25.75.Dw I. GLAUBER MODELS FOR A+B COLLISIONSIn order to calculate the nuclear geometry, i.e. the number of participating nucleons (and more recently constituent-quark participants) in the collision of two nuclei, the Glauber Monte Carlo approach is widely used [1]. The nucleons in the two nuclei are taken to be frozen in position in their respective nucleus during the collision where it is also assumed that the nucleons travel along straight line trajectories which are not affected by any nucleon-nucleon (N+N) collisions. This enables a highenergy nucleus-nucleus (A+B) collision to be simulated in two steps:(i) Each beam and target nucleus, composed of A and B nucleons respectively is generated by placing the nucleons at random about the position of the nucleus, uniform in cos θ, φ and r 2 × ρ N (r) for spherical nuclei, where the nuclear density, ρ N (r), is typically taken as a Fermi (Woods-Saxon) density function [2]:r 2 dr sinθdθ dφ = ρ N (r) = ρ 0 1 + exp( r−c a0 )(1) with c = {1.18A 1/3 − 0.48} fm and the diffusivity a 0 = 0.545 fm for Au.(ii) The coordinates of the two nuclei are then shifted at random relative to each other in a plane transverse to the beam axis by a vector b, the impact parameter, sampling an area much larger than the range of possible impact parameters for the A+B collision. A pair of nucleons, one from each nucleus, interact with each other if their projected distance d in the plane transverse to the beam axis satisfies the condition:where σ inel N +N is the inelastic nucleon-nucleon cross section.The nuclear geometrical parameters such as N part , the number of participating nucleons, N coll , the number of binary N + N collisions, etc., can be computed for each trial. A. Constituent QuarksThe approach can be extended one level further down with an additional step:(iii) modeling each nucleon by generating the positions of the three constituent-quarks (q) within it [3][4][5], effectively creating a constituent-quark structure of each nucleus. The A+B collision represented as a sum of q + q collisions is then obtained by changing the word "nucleon" to "quark" and N + N to q + q in step (ii) above. II. ET AND NCH DISTRIBUTIONS AND EXTREME INDEPENDENT MODELS (EIM)Measurements of mid-rapidity transverse energy distributions dE T /dη in p+p, d+Au and Au+Au collisions at √ s N N =200 GeV were recently presented by the PHENIX collaboration [6]. The transverse energy E T , a multiparticle ...

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Section: A Constituent-quarksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tests of constituent-quark generation methods which maintain both the nucleon center of mass and the desired radial distribution in Monte Carlo Glauber models

et al. 2016

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“…The production tells about the explosiveness of the interaction. In addition, the collision centrality can be estimated by using the distribution [89]. The ratio of pseudorapidity densities of transverse energy and number of charged particles at midrapidity, that is, ( / )/( ch / )(≡ T / ch ), has been studied both experimentally [65,69,90] and phenomenologically [91][92][93] to understand the underlying particle production mechanism.…”

Section: Transverse Energy Per Charged Particle and Freeze-out Criteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Freeze-Out Parameters in Heavy-Ion Collisions at AGS, SPS, RHIC, and LHC Energies

Chatterjee

Das

Kumar

et al. 2015

Advances in High Energy Physics

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We review the chemical and kinetic freeze-out conditions in high energy heavy-ion collisions for AGS, SPS, RHIC, and LHC energies. Chemical freeze-out parameters are obtained using produced particle yields in central collisions while the corresponding kinetic freeze-out parameters are obtained using transverse momentum distributions of produced particles. For chemical freeze-out, different freeze-out scenarios are discussed such as single and double/flavor dependent freeze-out surfaces. Kinetic freeze-out parameters are obtained by doing hydrodynamic inspired blast wave fit to the transverse momentum distributions. The beam energy and centrality dependence of transverse energy per charged particle multiplicity are studied to address the constant energy per particle freeze-out criteria in heavy-ion collisions.

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“…The statistical uncertainty is negligible. The solid line is a parametrization of lower-energy data compiled by the PHENIX Collaboration; see [22,[30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37]. The dashed line corresponds to a power-law fit s n NN for…”

Section: Prl 109 152303 (2012) P H Y S I C a L R E V I E W L E T T Ementioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of the Pseudorapidity and Centrality Dependence of the Transverse Energy Density in Pb-Pb Collisions atsNN=2.76 TeV

Chatrchyan¹,

Khachatryan²,

Sirunyan³

et al. 2012

Phys. Rev. Lett.

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The transverse energy (E T ) in Pb-Pb collisions at 2.76 TeV nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energy ( ffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi s NN p ) has been measured over a broad range of pseudorapidity () and collision centrality by using the CMS detector at the LHC. The transverse energy density per unit pseudorapidity (dE T =d) increases faster with collision energy than the charged particle multiplicity. This implies that the mean energy per particle is increasing with collision energy. At all pseudorapidities, the transverse energy per participating nucleon increases with the centrality of the collision. The ratio of transverse energy per unit pseudorapidity in peripheral to central collisions varies significantly as the pseudorapidity increases from ¼ 0 to jj ¼ 5:0. For the 5% most central collisions, the energy density per unit volume is estimated to be about 14 GeV=fm 3 at a time of 1 fm=c after the collision. This is about 100 times larger than normal nuclear matter density and a factor of 2.6 times higher than the energy density reported at ffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi s NN p ¼

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Systematics of midrapidity transverse energy distributions in limited apertures fromp+Beto Au+Au collisions at relativistic energies

Cited by 18 publications

References 116 publications

Tests of constituent-quark generation methods which maintain both the nucleon center of mass and the desired radial distribution in Monte Carlo Glauber models

Tests of constituent-quark generation methods which maintain both the nucleon center of mass and the desired radial distribution in Monte Carlo Glauber models

Freeze-Out Parameters in Heavy-Ion Collisions at AGS, SPS, RHIC, and LHC Energies

Measurement of the Pseudorapidity and Centrality Dependence of the Transverse Energy Density in Pb-Pb Collisions atsNN=2.76 TeV

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