Freeze-Out Parameters in Heavy-Ion Collisions at AGS, SPS, RHIC, and LHC Energies

Chatterjee, Sandeep; Das, S.; Kumar, L.; Mishra, D.; Mohanty, B.; Sahoo, R.; Sharma, N.

doi:10.1155/2015/349013

Cited by 96 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 90 publications

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“…In another work, the fireball volume was used as a parameter in Ref. [25,26,30,48]. Interestingly the error bars considered in the literature, which are obtained by varying the χ 2 by a small amount, agree well with the systematic variations obtained by us.…”

Section: A Freeze-out Parameterssupporting

confidence: 79%

“…We have used AGS [62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70], SPS [71][72][73][74][75][76][77][78][79][80], RHIC [81][82][83][84][85][86][87][88][89][90][91][92][93][94][95][96] and LHC [97][98][99][100] data for our analysis. The data for STAR BES is obtained from Ref [48,55,101]. The data at mid-rapidity for the most central collisions are considered.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More recently the possibility of mass dependent or flavor dependent freezeout pictures have emerged (see e.g. [48,53]). The studies in this direction has reached the state-of-theart with several sophisticated codes like THERMUS [56], SHARE [57], THERMINATOR [58] publicly available for studying the freeze-out characteristics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Systematics of chemical freeze-out parameters in heavy-ion collision experiments

et al. 2020

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We discuss systematic uncertainties in the chemical freeze-out parameters from the χ 2 analysis of hadron multiplicity ratios in the heavy-ion collision experiments. The systematics due to the choice of specific hadron ratios are found to lie within the experimental uncertainties. The variations obtained by removing the usual constraints on the conserved charges show similar behavior. The net charge to net baryon ratios in such unconstrained systems are commensurate with the expected value obtained from the protons and neutrons of the colliding nuclei up to the center of mass energies ∼ 40 GeV. Beyond that the uncertainties in this ratio gradually increases, possibly indicating the reduction in baryon stopping.

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Section: A Freeze-out Parameterssupporting

confidence: 79%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Systematics of chemical freeze-out parameters in heavy-ion collision experiments

et al. 2020

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“…Once the system reaches chemical freeze-out and kinetic freeze-out after hadronization, particle yields and transverse momentum spectra (p T ) get fixed, respectively. The chemical freeze-out temperature (T ch ) is obtained by fitting the particle yield or particle ratios with thermal model [11], whereas the kinetic freeze-out temperature (T kin ) is obtained from the blast-wave model fitting of the particle p T spectra [12]. Figure 2 left shows the energy dependence of the chemical and kinetic freeze-out temperature T ch and T kin for central heavy-ion collisions from different experiments [13].…”

Section: Freeze-out Conditions and Transverse Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the QCD Phase Structure with Beam Energy Scan in Heavy-ion Collisions

Luo¹

2016

Nuclear Physics A

115

124

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Beam energy scan programs in heavy-ion collisions aim to explore the QCD phase structure at high baryon density. Sensitive observables are applied to probe the signatures of the QCD phase transition and critical point in heavy-ion collisions at RHIC and SPS. Intriguing structures, such as dip, peak and oscillation, have been observed in the energy dependence of various observables. In this paper, an overview is given and corresponding physics implications will be discussed for the experimental highlights from the beam energy scan programs at the STAR, PHENIX and NA61/SHINE experiments. Furthermore, the beam energy scan phase II at RHIC (2019-2020) and other future experimental facilities for studying the physics at low energies will be also discussed.

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“…After that we have to modify the freeze-out hypersurface to properly include the effect of nuclear deformation via change in number of participants. There are various ways to generate the initial conditions for chemical and thermal freeze-out hypersurface [44][45][46][47]. However we first want to start here with the hydrodynamic evolution of this freeze-out hypersurface i.e., the hydrodynamic evolution laws for QCD medium.…”

Section: Soft 'Thermal' Hadron Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transverse momentum distribution and elliptic flow of charged hadrons in $$U+U$$ U + U collisions at $$\sqrt{s_{NN}}=193$$ s NN = 193 GeV using HYDJET++

et al. 2018

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Recent experimental observations of the charged hadron properties in U + U collisions at 193 GeV contradict many of the theoretical models of particle production including two-component Monte Carlo Glauber model. The experimental results show a small correlation between the charged hadron properties and the initial geometrical configurations (e.g. body-body, tip-tip etc.) of U +U collisions. In this article, we have modified the Monte Carlo HYDJET++ model to study the charged hadron production in U + U collisions at 193 GeV center-of-mass energy in tip-tip and body-body initial configurations. We have modified the hard as well as soft production processes to make this model suitable for U + U collisions. We have calculated the pseudorapidity distribution, transverse momentum distribution and elliptic flow distribution of charged hadrons with different control parameters in various geometrical configurations possible for U + U collision. We find that HYDJET++ model supports a small correlation between the various properties of charged hadrons and the initial geometrical configurations of U + U collision. Further, the results obtained in modified HYDJET++ model regarding dn ch /dη and elliptic flow (v 2 ) suitably matches with the experimental data of U + U collisions in minimum bias configuration.

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Freeze-Out Parameters in Heavy-Ion Collisions at AGS, SPS, RHIC, and LHC Energies

Cited by 96 publications

References 90 publications

Systematics of chemical freeze-out parameters in heavy-ion collision experiments

Systematics of chemical freeze-out parameters in heavy-ion collision experiments

Exploring the QCD Phase Structure with Beam Energy Scan in Heavy-ion Collisions

Transverse momentum distribution and elliptic flow of charged hadrons in $$U+U$$ U + U collisions at $$\sqrt{s_{NN}}=193$$ s NN = 193 GeV using HYDJET++

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