Systematics and Biogeography: Cladistics and Vicariance

Keener, Carl S.; Nelson, G. H.; Platnick, Norman I.

doi:10.2307/3243019

Cited by 21 publications

(17 citation statements)

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“…Consistently, a greater number of species is shared with Argentina (Donoso- Barros, 1966;Cei, 1986Cei, , 1993Schulte et al, 2000). One of the main questions in modern historical biogeography is how to delimit intracontinental areas of endemism (Nelson and Platnick, 1981;Humphries and Parenti, 1986;Cardoso da Silva and Oren, 1996). This question is usually approached by superimposing distribution maps of taxa and detecting those areas with high concentrations of overlapping ranges (Haffer, 1978;Cracraft, 1985), although difficulties may arise when a large number of species are analyzed (Morrone, 1994;Cardoso da Silva and Oren, 1996).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biogeography of Chilean herpetofauna: distributional patterns of species richness and endemism

2009

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We analyze the geographic distribution pattern of Chilean amphibian and reptile species between 18°20′S (Arica) to 56°S (Magellanic Area) by the identification of centers of higher richness and endemism and we infer the biological processes that could have promoted these patterns from a biogeographic point of view, comparing our results with the present location of National Parks found in the National System of State Wildlife Protected Areas. Our results provide evidence that richness and endemism shows clear latitudinal trends along Chile, with highest values at mid-latitudes (31°S to 44°S). Five areas of endemism for phenetic analysis and six for PAE (Parsimony analysis of endemism) were found that agree with bioclimatic boundaries. We suggest that the richness and endemism patterns registered for Chilean herpetological taxa may be explained by an historical mechanism, in accordance with previous biogeographical proposals. To improve the conservation efforts for amphibians and reptiles we suggest inclusion of new protected areas at the regional level for the Mediterranean region of south-central Chile and for local northern and southern quadrats with high species richness and endemism.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biogeography of Chilean herpetofauna: distributional patterns of species richness and endemism

2009

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“…Component analysis (cf. Nelson & Platnick, 1981) resulted in the area cladogram (C, (D, (F, (H, J, K)))) (Figure 4b). TAS (Nelson & Ladiges, 1991) did not recover any relationships (Figure 4c), resulting in a massive polytomy.…”

Section: Theoretical Scenariomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Primary Brooks parsimony analysis (Primary BPA, Brooks et al, 2001) was implemented with BuM 2.0 (Santos et al, 2021). Component analysis (Nelson & Platnick, 1981; Platnick & Nelson, 1978), three area statement analysis (TAS, Nelson & Ladiges, 1991), and the transparent method (Ebach et al, 2005) were implemented manually. The methods are tested with both a theoretical scenario and a real example (from Morrone, 2014).…”

Section: Explaining Sambamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the realm of historical biogeography, since Rosen (1978)'s and Nelson and Platnick (1981)'s proposals, cladistic biogeography pattern‐based methods have been developed based on Croizat (1964)'s reasoning and the Hennigian fundamentals phylogenetics (Humphries & Parenti, 1999; Morrone, 2009, 2021; Morrone & Crisci, 1995). According to cladistic biogeography, phylogenetic relationships are biogeographically informative.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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SAMBA: Super area‐cladogram after resolving multiple biogeographical ambiguities

Santos

Sampronha

Hammoud

et al. 2023

Journal of Biogeography

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Aim: Cladistic biogeography is all about congruence: when individual area cladograms coincide, they result in a general area cladogram that reveals shared history. However, the complexities of the natural world hamper the reconstruction of fully solved biogeographical patterns. Herein, we present SAMBA (super area-cladogram after resolving multiple biogeographical ambiguities), a pattern-based method combining supertrees and area cladograms to depict the relationships among areas. We also present a prototypical implementation of SAMBA as a web-based framework named iSAMBA. Location: Global.Taxon: Any taxon can be analysed with SAMBA.Methods: SAMBA is based on phylogenetic supertrees, a technique that combines previously calculated phylogenetic trees to produce a general area cladogram representing conciliatory and non-ambiguous patterns of relationships. In our method, the input topologies are individual area cladograms. SAMBA is implemented through a web-based framework named iSAMBA. We analysed a theoretical and a real scenario to compare SAMBA with primary Brooks parsimony analysis (BPA), component analysis, three area statement analysis (TAS) and the transparent method.Results: SAMBA produces area cladograms that converge with the actual history of fragmentations of both hypothetical and real scenarios used as examples of implementation of the method. Primary BPA, component analysis, TAS and the transparent method are much more affected by the "biogeographical noise" (e.g. multiple areas in a single terminal, paralogies and missing areas) than SAMBA.Main Conclusions: SAMBA results in more informative general area cladograms than other pattern-based biogeographical methods. SAMBA reveals shared patterns of biotic distribution without generating multiple unreliable area cladograms. The main advantage of SAMBA is the simplicity of using a single technique to extract biogeographical information from individual area cladograms and combine them to depict a non-ambiguous general pattern of relationships among areas.

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“…Ray, 1693). They are isomorphic with cladograms (Nelson and Platnick, 1981), and suggest the generative mechanism of evolution by descent with modification.…”

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confidence: 93%

Hierarchies, classifications, cladograms and phylogeny

Brower

2023

Cladistics

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Figure 18 of Hennig's Phylogenetic Systematics (University of Illinois Press, Urbana, IL, 1966) shows a phylogenetic tree (a generative hierarchy) and what appear to be nested sets (an inclusive hierarchy) that he stated were two representations of the same pattern of relationships. This essay questions whether this is correct or not, explores the meanings of different hierarchical patterns, reviews various interpretations of Hennig's figure, and discusses the conceptual path from systematic evidence to phylogenetic explanation. The crux of the argument is that systematic hierarchies as we know them scientifically are nested sets that group theoretical entities based on patterns of synapomorphy. The notions of phylogeny and common ancestry reflect this hierarchical pattern.

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Systematics and Biogeography: Cladistics and Vicariance

Cited by 21 publications

References 0 publications

Biogeography of Chilean herpetofauna: distributional patterns of species richness and endemism

Biogeography of Chilean herpetofauna: distributional patterns of species richness and endemism

SAMBA: Super area‐cladogram after resolving multiple biogeographical ambiguities

Hierarchies, classifications, cladograms and phylogeny

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