Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis: The Effects of Probiotics in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Xiao, Mengwei; Lin, Shixin; Shen, Zhaohua; Luo, Weiwei; Wang, Xiaoyan

doi:10.1155/2019/1484598

Cited by 57 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…There are currently no clinical trials that have reported robust outcomes. A recent meta-analysis from 1555 NAFLD patients showed that administration of probiotics had beneficial effects on BMI, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate transaminase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, insulin, homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance and total cholesterol but not on fasting blood sugar, lipid profiles and TNF-alpha [ 88 ].…”

Section: Modulation Of Gut Microbiota and Its Metabolitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut Microbiota Metabolites in NAFLD Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Implications

Chen¹,

Vitetta

2020

IJMS

179

137

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Gut microbiota dysregulation plays a key role in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) through its metabolites. Therefore, the restoration of the gut microbiota and supplementation with commensal bacterial metabolites can be of therapeutic benefit against the disease. In this review, we summarize the roles of various bacterial metabolites in the pathogenesis of NAFLD and their therapeutic implications. The gut microbiota dysregulation is a feature of NAFLD, and the signatures of gut microbiota are associated with the severity of the disease through altered bacterial metabolites. Disturbance of bile acid metabolism leads to underactivation of bile acid receptors FXR and TGR5, causal for decreased energy expenditure, increased lipogenesis, increased bile acid synthesis and increased macrophage activity. Decreased production of butyrate results in increased intestinal inflammation, increased gut permeability, endotoxemia and systemic inflammation. Dysregulation of amino acids and choline also contributes to lipid accumulation and to a chronic inflammatory status. In some NAFLD patients, overproduction of ethanol produced by bacteria is responsible for hepatic inflammation. Many approaches including probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, faecal microbiome transplantation and a fasting-mimicking diet have been applied to restore the gut microbiota for the improvement of NAFLD.

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Section: Modulation Of Gut Microbiota and Its Metabolitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut Microbiota Metabolites in NAFLD Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Implications

Chen¹,

Vitetta

2020

IJMS

179

137

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…As several studies have highlighted the role of the gut microbiota in NAFLD pathogenesis, supplementation with probiotics has been tested in NAFLD patients. To date, clinical data from such studies are disputed, but most of them report loss of body weight, suggesting that probiotic supplementation can be used as a complementary approach for patients with NAFLD [163]. Furthermore, high intake of insoluble dietary fiber correlates with a lower prevalence of NAFLD [164], and high-fiber diets promote short-chain fatty acid producing microbiota with beneficial effects in T2DM patients [165].…”

Section: Dietary Interventionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors and Their Novel Ligands as Candidates for the Treatment of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Fougerat

Montagner

Loiseau

et al. 2020

Cells

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Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a major health issue worldwide, frequently associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes. Steatosis is the initial stage of the disease, which is characterized by lipid accumulation in hepatocytes, which can progress to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) with inflammation and various levels of fibrosis that further increase the risk of developing cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The pathogenesis of NAFLD is influenced by interactions between genetic and environmental factors and involves several biological processes in multiple organs. No effective therapy is currently available for the treatment of NAFLD. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are nuclear receptors that regulate many functions that are disturbed in NAFLD, including glucose and lipid metabolism, as well as inflammation. Thus, they represent relevant clinical targets for NAFLD. In this review, we describe the determinants and mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of NAFLD, its progression and complications, as well as the current therapeutic strategies that are employed. We also focus on the complementary and distinct roles of PPAR isotypes in many biological processes and on the effects of first-generation PPAR agonists. Finally, we review novel and safe PPAR agonists with improved efficacy and their potential use in the treatment of NAFLD.

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“…Recently, emerging evidence suggests that the gut-liver axis is strongly related to NAFLD. There are several reports published clinical trials applying probiotics on NAFLD patients [12]. Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophiles treatment improved liver aminotransferases levels in adult NAFLD patients [13].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Beneficial Effects of Lactobacillus plantarum Strains on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in High Fat/High Fructose Diet-Fed Rats

et al. 2020

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Emerging evidence suggests that probiotics are beneficial in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This study aimed to explore the effects of two Lactobacillus plantarum strains, ATG-K2 and ATG-K6 (isolated from Korean fermented cabbage), in a rat model of high fat/high fructose (HF/HF) diet-induced NAFLD. Rats with NAFLD were randomized into four groups (HF/HF diet control, (HC); HF/HF diet with silymarin, (PC); HF/HF diet with ATG-K2, (K2); and HF/HF diet with ATG-K6, (K6)) with healthy rats on a normal diet serving as the negative control. After treatment, histopathological and biochemical analyses of the blood and liver tissue were conducted. In addition, fecal microbiota was analyzed using the MiSeq platform. Compared with HC rats, K2 and K6 rats experienced significantly lower body weight gain, displayed decreased hepatic lipid accumulation, had lower serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase, and showed increased antioxidant enzyme activities. Moreover, de novo lipogenesis-related genes were downregulated following K2 and K6 administration. The fecal microbiota of K2 and K6 rats contained a higher proportion of Bacteriodetes and a lower proportion of Fimicutes than that of HC rats. Taken together, our results suggest that L. plantarum strains ATG-K2 and ATG-K6 are potential therapeutic agents for NAFLD.Nutrients 2020, 12, 542 2 of 16 of the transcription factors, such as sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c) and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (C/EBPα), which in turn regulate the expression of hepatic gluconeogenesis and DNL genes [6]. It follows that fructose intake increases liver gluconeogenesis and DNL and elevates blood glucose and TG levels in humans [8,9] Another cause of NAFLD is oxidative stress. Fat deposition occurring in the liver results in lipid peroxidation, and it promotes a variety of responses such as inflammation and fibrosis. Thus, antioxidants (e.g., silymarin, vitamin E) are proposed as candidates for NAFLD treatment [10,11]; however, there are no standard pharmacological therapeutic agents for NAFLD yet. Recently, emerging evidence suggests that the gut-liver axis is strongly related to NAFLD. There are several reports published clinical trials applying probiotics on NAFLD patients [12]. Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophiles treatment improved liver aminotransferases levels in adult NAFLD patients [13]. In addition, probiotic capsules containing Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium lactis, Bifidobacterium bifidum, and Lactobacillus rhamnosus, as a supplement also decreased liver aminotransferases levels in obese children with NAFLD [14]. These results indicate that the intake of certain probiotics has a beneficial effect on NAFLD.Lactobacillus plantarum, which plays a key role in the production of various fermented foods, is one of the most important species of lactic acid bacteria (LAB). L. plantarum is found in diverse environments, such as the soil and the human gut, and is considered a potential pro...

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Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis: The Effects of Probiotics in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Cited by 57 publications

References 63 publications

Gut Microbiota Metabolites in NAFLD Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Implications

Gut Microbiota Metabolites in NAFLD Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Implications

Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors and Their Novel Ligands as Candidates for the Treatment of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Beneficial Effects of Lactobacillus plantarum Strains on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in High Fat/High Fructose Diet-Fed Rats

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