Gut Microbiota Metabolites in NAFLD Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Implications

Chen, Jiezhong; Vitetta, Luis

doi:10.3390/ijms21155214

Cited by 151 publications

(107 citation statements)

References 118 publications

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“…Particularly, butyrate has an important role in sustaining the gut barrier by upregulating tight junction proteins and mucins and preventing the migration of toxic substances, including ethanol and pro-inflammatory molecules, to the liver [ 27 ]. Reduced butyrate-producing bacteria may result in increased intestinal permeability and an increased risk of translocation of bacteria and lipopolysaccharides into liver [ 30 , 31 ]. Therefore, decreased production of butyrate may result in metabolic syndrome and MAFLD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Gut Microbiome in Korean Patients with Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease

Lee²,

Cho³

et al. 2021

Nutrients

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Metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a new concept where the presence of both fatty liver and metabolic abnormality are necessary for diagnosis. Several studies have reported that altered gut microbiome is closely associated with metabolic diseases and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. However, the studies on MAFLD population are scarce. This prospective study aimed to identify differences in gut microbiome between patients with MAFLD and healthy controls in Korean population. In this study, patients with MAFLD and age, sex-matched healthy controls were included, and their stool samples were collected. Taxonomic composition of gut microbiota was analyzed using 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid pyrosequencing. Twenty-two MAFLD patients and 44 healthy controls were included. Taxonomic diversity was lower in patients with MAFLD in the aspect of alpha and beta diversity. The differences were also found at phylum, class, family, and genus levels between the two groups. Phylum Proteobacteria, family Enterobactereriaceae, genus Citrobacter abundance was significantly increased and genus Faecalibacterium was significantly decreased in patients with MAFLD. In addition, butyrate-producing bacteria were decreased and ethanol-producing bacteria were increased in patients with MAFLD. The composition of gut microbiome was different between MAFLD and healthy controls in Korean population. This could offer potential targets for therapeutic intervention in MAFLD.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Gut Microbiome in Korean Patients with Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease

Lee²,

Cho³

et al. 2021

Nutrients

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“…Taking into account that bacteria from this genus, such as Akkermansia municiphila, have been reported to enhance gut protection and to improve gut barrier function [23,[47][48][49], the increased abundance of Akkermansia found in the PT15 group could, at least partially, be mediating the hepatoprotective effect induced by the phenolic compound administration. In addition, the gut microbiota of the animals receiving the low pterostilbene dose was also enriched in Erysipelatoclostridium, known to promote tight junction proteins, which enhances intestinal integrity and thus avoids the translocation of damaging microbial products [50]. This effect contributes to the hepato-protective properties of the polyphenol at the lowest dose.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut Microbiota Induced by Pterostilbene and Resveratrol in High-Fat-High-Fructose Fed Rats: Putative Role in Steatohepatitis Onset

et al. 2021

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Resveratrol and its 2-methoxy derivative pterostilbene are two phenolic compounds that occur in foodstuffs and feature hepato-protective effects. This study is devoted to analysing and comparing the metabolic effects of pterostilbene and resveratrol on gut microbiota composition in rats displaying NAFLD induced by a diet rich in saturated fat and fructose. The associations among changes induced by both phenolic compounds in liver status and those induced in gut microbiota composition were also analysed. For this purpose, fifty Wistar rats were distributed in five experimental groups: a group of animals fed a standard diet (CC group) and four additional groups fed a high-fat high-fructose diet alone (HFHF group) or supplemented with 15 or 30 mg/kg bw/d of pterostilbene (PT15 and PT30 groups, respectively) or 30 mg/kg bw/d of resveratrol (RSV30 group). The dramatic changes induced by high-fat high-fructose feeding in the gut microbiota were poorly ameliorated by pterostilbene or resveratrol. These results suggest that the specific changes in microbiota composition induced by pterostilbene (increased abundances of Akkermansia and Erysipelatoclostridium, and lowered abundance of Clostridum sensu stricto 1) may not entirely explain the putative preventive effects on steatohepatitis.

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“…The past two decades have seen an explosion in data regarding intestinal barrier permeability, its myriad causes, and its relationship to inflammation-related pathophysiology [ 73 , 74 , 75 ]. Multiple biomarkers such as zonulin and various claudins have been identified as useful markers in characterizing the nature of barrier injury [ 76 , 77 ].…”

Section: Major Sources Of Circulating Bdgmentioning

confidence: 99%

Specificity Influences in (1→3)-β-d-Glucan-Supported Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Disease

Finkelman

2020

JoF

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(1→3)-β-glucan (BDG) testing as an adjunct in the diagnosis of invasive fungal disease (IFD) has been in use for nearly three decades. While BDG has a very high negative predictive value in this setting, diagnostic false positives may occur, limiting specificity and positive predictive value. Although results may be diagnostically false positive, they are analytically correct, due to the presence of BDG in the circulation. This review surveys the non-IFD causes of elevated circulating BDG. These are in the main, iatrogenic patient contamination through the use of BDG-containing medical devices and parenterally-delivered materials as well as translocation of intestinal luminal BDG due to mucosal barrier injury. Additionally, infection with Nocardia sp. may also contribute to elevated circulating BDG. Knowledge of the factors which may contribute to such non-IFD-related test results can improve the planning and interpretation of BDG assays and permit investigational strategies, such as serial sampling and BDG clearance evaluation, to assess the likelihood of contamination and improve patient care.

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Gut Microbiota Metabolites in NAFLD Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Implications

Cited by 151 publications

References 118 publications

Characterization of Gut Microbiome in Korean Patients with Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease

Characterization of Gut Microbiome in Korean Patients with Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease

Gut Microbiota Induced by Pterostilbene and Resveratrol in High-Fat-High-Fructose Fed Rats: Putative Role in Steatohepatitis Onset

Specificity Influences in (1→3)-β-d-Glucan-Supported Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Disease

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