Systematic Review on Pathophysiological Complications in Severe COVID-19 among the Non-Vaccinated and Vaccinated Population

Rabaan, Ali A.; Bakhrebah, Muhammed A; Mutair, Abbas Al; Alhumaid, Saad; Al-Jishi, Jumana M.; AlSihati, Jehad; Albayat, Hawra; Alsheheri, Ahmed; Aljeldah, Mohammed; Garout, Mohammed; Alhashem, Yousef N.; AlBahrani, Salma; Alshamrani, Saleh; Al-Otaibi, Sultan T.; AlRamadhan, Abdullah A.; Albasha, Hanadi N.; Hajissa, Khalid; Temsah, Mohamad-Hani

doi:10.3390/vaccines10070985

Cited by 13 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 177 publications

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“…For the future, supplementary comparative studies between these two classes would be desirable in relation also to the use of micronutrients, in addition to those specific to the gender inherent in the adverse effects of vaccination. In this sense, the data are in fact discordant considering that some authors report comparable data between males and females, while others do not, also in relation to the side effects after the first dose of the vaccine [ 168 , 169 , 170 , 171 ].…”

Section: Discussion and Potential Future Approachesmentioning

confidence: 96%

Nutrition as Personalized Medicine against SARS-CoV-2 Infections: Clinical and Oncological Options with a Specific Female Groups Overview

Dellino

Cascardi

Vinciguerra

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a respiratory disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). It is acknowledged that vulnerable people can suffer from mortal complications of COVID-19. Therefore, strengthening the immune system particularly in the most fragile people could help to protect them from infection. First, general nutritional status and food consumption patterns of everyone affect the effectiveness of each immune system. The effects of nutrition could impact the level of intestinal and genital microbiota, the adaptive immune system, and the innate immune system. Indeed, immune system cells and mediators, which are crucial to inflammatory reaction, are in the structures of fats, carbohydrates, and proteins and are activated through vitamins (vit) and minerals. Therefore, the association of malnutrition and infection could damage the immune response, reducing the immune cells and amplifying inflammatory mediators. Both amount and type of dietary fat impact on cytokine biology, that consequently assumes a crucial role in inflammatory disease. This review explores the power of nutrition in the immune response against COVID-19 infection, since a specific diet could modify the cytokine storm during the infection phase. This can be of vital importance in the most vulnerable subjects such as pregnant women or cancer patients to whom we have deemed it necessary to dedicate personalized indications.

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Section: Discussion and Potential Future Approachesmentioning

confidence: 96%

Nutrition as Personalized Medicine against SARS-CoV-2 Infections: Clinical and Oncological Options with a Specific Female Groups Overview

Dellino

Cascardi

Vinciguerra

et al. 2022

IJMS

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“…The effectiveness of two doses of mRNA vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 was 90–92% ( 70 ), while the effectiveness of the inactivated vaccine was more than 95% ( 69 ). As the vaccination effectively protected persons from being infected, long-term COVID-19 involving PCF was diminished ( 71 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scars of COVID-19: A bibliometric analysis of post-COVID-19 fibrosis

Zhong

Zhou

Mei

et al. 2022

Front. Public Health

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BackgroundThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) becomes a worldwide public health threat. Increasing evidence proves that COVID-19-induced acute injuries could be reversed by a couple of therapies. After that, post-COVID-19 fibrosis (PCF), a sequela of “Long COVID,” earns rapidly emerging concerns. PCF is associated with deteriorative lung function and worse quality of life. But the process of PCF remains speculative. Therefore, we aim to conduct a bibliometric analysis to explore the overall structure, hotspots, and trend topics of PCF.Materials and methodsA comprehensive search was performed in the Web of Science core database to collect literature on PCF. Search syntax included COVID-19 relevant terms: “COVID 19,” “COVID-19 Virus Disease,” “COVID-19 Virus Infection,” “Coronavirus Disease-19,” “2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease,” “2019 Novel Coronavirus Infection,” “SARS Coronavirus 2 Infection,” “COVID-19 Pandemic,” “Coronavirus,” “2019-nCoV,” and “SARS-CoV-2”; and fibrosis relevant terms: “Fibrosis,” “Fibroses,” and “Cirrhosis.” Articles in English were included. Totally 1,088 publications were enrolled. Searching results were subsequentially exported and collected for the bibliometric analysis. National, organizational, and individual level data were analyzed and visualized through biblioshiny package in the R, VOSviewer software, the CiteSpace software, and the Graphical Clustering Toolkit (gCLUTO) software, respectively.ResultsThe intrinsic structure and development in the field of PCF were investigated in the present bibliometric analysis. The topmost keywords were “COVID-19” (occurrences, 636) surrounded by “SARS-CoV-2” (occurrences, 242), “coronavirus” (occurrences, 123), “fibrosis” (occurrences, 120), and “pneumonia” (occurrences, 94). The epidemiology, physiopathology, diagnosis, and therapy of PCF were extensively studied. After this, based on dynamic analysis of keywords, hot topics sharply changed from “Wuhan,” “inflammation,” and “cytokine storm” to “quality of life” and “infection” through burst detection; from “acute respiratory syndrome,” “cystic-fibrosis” and “fibrosis” to “infection,” “COVID-19,” “quality-of-life” through thematic evolution; from “enzyme” to “post COVID.” Similarly, co-cited references analysis showed that topics of references with most citations shift from “pulmonary pathology” (cluster 0) to “COVID-19 vaccination” (cluster 6). Additionally, the overview of contributors, impact, and collaboration was revealed. Summarily, the USA stood out as the most prolific, influential, and collaborative country. The Udice French Research University, Imperial College London, Harvard University, and the University of Washington represented the largest volume of publications, citations, H-index, and co-authorships, respectively. Dana Albon was the most productive and cited author with the strongest co-authorship link strength. Journal of Cystic Fibrosis topped the list of prolific and influential journals.ConclusionOutcomes gained from this study assisted professionals in better realizing PCF and would guide future practices. Epidemiology, pathogenesis, and therapeutics were study hotspots in the early phase of PCF research. As the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic and progress in this field, recent attention shifted to the quality of life of patients and post-COVID comorbidities. Nevertheless, COVID-19 relevant infection and vaccination were speculated to be research trends with current and future interest. International cooperation as well as in-depth laboratory experiments were encouraged to promote further explorations in the field of PCF.

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“…Even though earlier studies on BAL hinted towards a better proficiency of this specimens (93%) compared to nasal swabs (63%) and pharyngeal swabs (32%), it should be stressed that the former specimens were mostly collected from more severe cases, characterized by a significant involvement of deeper airways [ 41 ]. In individuals where a preventive interaction with the pathogen, either guaranteed by natural infection or vaccination, eventually leads to less invasive infections, airways and mostly bronchiole may be only limitedly affected by viral invasion [ 42 , 43 , 44 ]. Lining fluids, in turn, will be only limitedly laden with viral nucleic acids, leading to the poor performances of RT-qPCR because of scarcity or even the absence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Use of Exhaled Breath Condensate for Diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 Infections: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

et al. 2022

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Background. Reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) assays performed on respiratory samples collected through nasal swabs still represent the gold standard for COVID-19 diagnosis. Alternative methods to this invasive and time-consuming options are still being inquired, including the collection of airways lining fluids through exhaled breath condensate (EBC). Materials and Methods. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis in order to explore the reliability of EBC as a way to collect respiratory specimens for RT-qPCR for diagnosis of COVID-19. Results. A total of 4 studies (205 specimens), were ultimately collected, with a pooled sensitivity of 69.5% (95%CI 26.8–93.4), and a pooled specificity of 98.3% (95%CI 87.8–99.8), associated with high heterogeneity and scarce diagnostic agreement with the gold standard represented by nasal swabs (Cohen’s kappa = 0.585). Discussion. Even though non-invasive options for diagnosis of COVID-19 are still necessary, EBC-based RT-qPCR showed scarce diagnostic performances, ultimately impairing its implementation in real-world settings. However, as few studies have been carried out to date, and the studies included in the present review are characterized by low numbers and low sample power, further research are requested to fully characterize the actual reliability of EBC-based RT-qPCR in the diagnosis of COVID-19.

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Systematic Review on Pathophysiological Complications in Severe COVID-19 among the Non-Vaccinated and Vaccinated Population

Cited by 13 publications

References 177 publications

Nutrition as Personalized Medicine against SARS-CoV-2 Infections: Clinical and Oncological Options with a Specific Female Groups Overview

Nutrition as Personalized Medicine against SARS-CoV-2 Infections: Clinical and Oncological Options with a Specific Female Groups Overview

Scars of COVID-19: A bibliometric analysis of post-COVID-19 fibrosis

Potential Use of Exhaled Breath Condensate for Diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 Infections: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

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