Systematic review of the treatment options for pericardial effusions in dogs

Scheuermann, Logan M.; Gordon‐Evans, Wanda J.; Nault, Andre

doi:10.1111/vsu.13475

Cited by 5 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 45 publications

(147 reference statements)

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“…Fluid accumulation in the pericardium occurs due to the hemorrhagic characteristics of the neoplasm, leading to an increase in intrapericardial pressure. Hypertension interferes with atrial and ventricular filling and consequently decreases cardiac output and arterial pressure, which, when reduced, causes neurohumoral, adrenergic, and renal responses [ 5 , 15 , 87 , 178 , 187 , 188 ].…”

Section: Cardiac Hemangiosarcomamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Patients complaining of pericardial effusion should undergo pericardiocentesis as the first intervention to allow for patient stabilization in addition to assisting in the diagnostic investigation, especially in cases that progress to metastasis in the pericardium. However, drainage of pericardial effusion has palliative purposes, and in the absence of definitive treatment, it becomes recurrent [ 15 , 178 , 187 , 191 ].…”

Section: Cardiac Hemangiosarcomamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Treatment of Canine Hemangiosarcoma: A Review Based on a Consensus Organized by the Brazilian Association of Veterinary Oncology, ABROVET

Nardi

Massoco

Fonseca-Alves

et al. 2023

Cancers

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Hemangiosarcoma is a mesenchymal neoplasm originating in the endothelial cells of blood vessels; they can be classified as non-visceral and visceral types. Non-visceral hemangiosarcomas can affect the skin, subcutaneous tissues, and muscle tissues; visceral hemangiosarcomas can affect the spleen, liver, heart, lungs, kidneys, oral cavity, bones, bladder, uterus, tongue, and retroperitoneum. Among domestic species, dogs are most affected by cutaneous HSA. Cutaneous HSA represents approximately 14% of all HSA diagnosed in this species and less than 5% of dermal tumors, according to North American studies. However, Brazilian epidemiological data demonstrate a higher prevalence, which may represent 27 to 80% of all canine HSAs and 13.9% of all skin neoplasms diagnosed in this species. Cutaneous HSA most commonly affects middle-aged to elderly dogs (between 8 and 15 years old), with no gender predisposition for either the actinic or non-actinic forms. The higher prevalence of cutaneous HSA in some canine breeds is related to lower protection from solar radiation, as low skin pigmentation and hair coverage lead to greater sun exposure. Actinic changes, such as solar dermatosis, are frequent in these patients, confirming the influence of solar radiation on the development of this neoplasm. There are multiple clinical manifestations of hemangiosarcoma in canines. The diagnostic approach and staging classification of cutaneous HSAs are similar between the different subtypes. The definitive diagnosis is obtained through histopathological analysis of incisional or excisional biopsies. Cytology can be used as a presurgical screening test; however, it has little diagnostic utility in cases of HSA because there is a high risk of blood contamination and sample hemodilution. Surgery is generally the treatment of choice for dogs with localized non-visceral HSA without evidence of metastatic disease. Recently, electrochemotherapy (ECT) has emerged as an alternative therapy for the local ablative treatment of different neoplastic types; the use of radiotherapy for the treatment of dogs with cutaneous HSA is uncommon. There is greater consensus in the literature regarding the indications for adjuvant chemotherapy in subcutaneous and muscular HSA; doxorubicin is the most frequently used antineoplastic agent for subcutaneous and muscular subtypes and can be administered alone or in combination with other drugs. Other therapies include antiangiogenic therapy, photodynamic therapy, the association of chemotherapy with the metronomic dose, targeted therapies, and natural products. The benefits of these therapies are presented and discussed. In general, the prognosis of splenic and cardiac HSA is unfavorable. As a challenging neoplasm, studies of new protocols and treatment modalities are necessary to control this aggressive disease.

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Section: Cardiac Hemangiosarcomamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cardiac Hemangiosarcomamentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Treatment of Canine Hemangiosarcoma: A Review Based on a Consensus Organized by the Brazilian Association of Veterinary Oncology, ABROVET

Nardi

Massoco

Fonseca-Alves

et al. 2023

Cancers

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“…Canine IP and PM are considered elusive diseases, with little information available in recent literature [ 6 , 21 , 27 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In literature regarding both humans and canines, there is still a paucity of outcome data regarding patients with idiopathic and neoplastic pericardial disease requiring surgical intervention [ 6 , 20 ]. Furthermore, a recent systematic review of the efficacy of treatment options for pericardial effusion in dogs concluded that there is still not sufficient evidence to recommend one treatment option over another [ 21 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathological Findings of Canine Idiopathic Pericarditis and Pericardial Mesotheliomas: Correlation with Clinical and Survival Data

Levi

Parenti

Muscatello

et al. 2021

Veterinary Sciences

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Idiopathic pericarditis (IP) and pericardial mesothelioma (PM) are causes of pericardial effusion in dogs. Pericardiectomy can be a definitive treatment in the case of idiopathic pericardial effusion or a short-term intervention for mesothelioma. The aim of the present study was to investigate which histopathologic parameters are correlated with clinical outcomes in a cohort of dogs that underwent pericardiectomy. The histopathological findings of 22 IPs and 5 PMs were compared with clinical and survival data and the immunohistochemical characterization of immune cells (CD3, CD79α, Iba1). In IP, the mesothelium was lost in 20 cases, reactive in 9, atypical in 3, and mesothelial papillary hyperplasia (MPH) was observed in 4 cases. Numerous macrophages were found in both IPs and PMs especially at the superficial layer of the pericardium. T lymphocytes were observed in mild to moderate numbers and were more numerous than B lymphocytes in both IPs and PMs. MPH was correlated with the quantity of lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate in the superficial layer, inversely related to the thickness of the pericardium, and associated with a longer overall survival. Pericardial fibrosis was present in 19 out of 22 IPs and in all mesotheliomas and was correlated with increased time from initial presentation and pericardiectomy and lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate in the deep zone. Pericardial thickness was correlated with the amount of lymphoplasmacytic and macrophagic infiltrate in the deep zone. Mesothelioma was associated with an increased number of pericardiocentesis procedures before pericardiectomy and with the presence of macrophages in the superficial pericardial layer, edema, fibrin, and hemorrhage. Disease-free interval and overall survival were significantly shorter in patients with mesothelioma compared with IP.

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“…The purpose of this letter is to express concerns about the message presented in the article in Veterinary Surgery (Volume 50(1) "Systemic review of the treatment options for pericardial effusions in dogs." 1 The importance of thoracoscopic pericardial windows or thoracoscopic subtotal pericardiectomies is lost in the search for the evidence. The effect of thoracoscopic pericardial windows on quality of life is not even mentioned in this article.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Lost in the evidence

McCarthy¹

2021

Veterinary Surgery

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Systematic review of the treatment options for pericardial effusions in dogs

Cited by 5 publications

References 45 publications

Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Treatment of Canine Hemangiosarcoma: A Review Based on a Consensus Organized by the Brazilian Association of Veterinary Oncology, ABROVET

Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Treatment of Canine Hemangiosarcoma: A Review Based on a Consensus Organized by the Brazilian Association of Veterinary Oncology, ABROVET

Pathological Findings of Canine Idiopathic Pericarditis and Pericardial Mesotheliomas: Correlation with Clinical and Survival Data

Lost in the evidence

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