Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Avascular Necrosis and Posttraumatic Arthritis After Traumatic Hip Dislocation

Abstract

Prognostic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

Traumatic Obturator Hip Dislocation with Marginal Femoral Head Fracture in a 15-Year-Old Adolescent: A High-Energy Trauma—A Case Report and a Review of the Literature

“…Nevertheless, this complication can occur even after an immediate reduction, especially in cases with a fracture of the femoral head, as we have seen here. Avascular femoral head necrosis occurs in an average of 9 percent of the cases [17] and can be shown by performing a gadolinium contrast MRI after the reduction.…”

Dislocation of the Hip: A Review of Types, Causes, and Treatment

“…Native dislocations have a higher rate of complication than prosthetic dislocations owing to the difference in force required for the event to occur. 5,57,58 Because of the robust stability of the native hip joint, high-energy trauma (ie, motor vehicle collision) is required to cause a native hip dislocation and thus is commonly seen with polytrauma in up to 95% of patients. 2,25,58,59 Conversely, because prosthetic hips are inherently less stable, they can be dislocated with low-energy forces.…”

“…19,22,58 Posttraumatic arthritis represents the most common long-term sequela of simple native dislocation, with an incidence rate of approximately 20%. 2,3,56,57,59 Sciatic nerve palsy (peroneal component) is the most common neurologic structure damaged as a result of the femoral head stretching the nerve during dislocation or surgical scarring. [2][3][4][5]26,60 The reported incidence rate of sciatic nerve palsy is 10%-15%.…”

“…2,19 The incidence rate of AVN following hip dislocation is approximately 2%-10%, with increasing rates past 6 hours. 2,19,20,57,58 Heterotrophic ossification results in the presence of bone in soft tissue following repeated attempts at closed reduction. 2,19 The incidence rate of heterotrophic ossification ranges from 2.8%-9%.…”

“…3 Adverse sequelae of prosthetic hip dislocations are timesensitive emergencies but involve less-traumatic inciting events than native dislocations. 5,57,58 These complications include damage to the prosthesis, damage to the soft tissue leading to further instability, IPD, fracture of the femur, knee injury, and damage to surrounding neurovascular structures. Generally, however, prosthetic hip reduction is successful and leads to no further incidence of instability in the future.…”